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. 2013 May 9;17(5):1177–1189. doi: 10.1017/S1368980013001146

Table 6.

Determinants of diet quality in Sweden

Macronutrients Other
Total energy, log (.) Total fat (E%) Saturated fat (E%) Protein, log (.) CHO (E%) Cholesterol, log (.) Sodium, log (.) Calcium, log (.) F&V, log (.) DQI
β se β se β se β se β se β se β se β se β se β se
Constant 7·485*** 0·072 34·406*** 1·477 13·457*** 0·772 4·080*** 0·083 40·806*** 1·627 5·351*** 0·100 7·750*** 0·085 6·716*** 0·101 1·381*** 0·119 41·688*** 2·800
Difficulty in taking care of expenses (ref. Yes)
No 0·0004 0·034 −1·257* 0·697 −0·648* 0·364 0·011 0·039 1·900** 0·768 −0·040 0·047 −0·028 0·040 −0·061 0·047 0·032 0·056 1·789 1·323
Age (ref. 60–65 years)
65–70 years 0·051*** 0·019 −0·269 0·402 −0·057 0·210 0·033 0·022 0·714 0·445 0·058** 0·027 0·047** 0·023 0·058** 0·027 −0·003 0·033 −0·291 0·773
70–75 years 0·076*** 0·021 0·564 0·438 0·556** 0·229 0·051** 0·024 0·181 0·480 0·071** 0·029 0·063** 0·025 0·138*** 0·030 −0·0004 0·035 −1·121 0·836
75–80 years 0·085*** 0·023 0·329 0·479 0·551** 0·250 0·040 0·026 0·983* 0·527 0·054* 0·032 0·050* 0·027 0·130*** 0·033 0·017 0·039 −0·721 0·912
Sex (ref. Male)
Female −0·228*** 0·016 −3·040*** 0·329 −0·987*** 0·172 −0·162*** 0·018 4·122*** 0·363 −0·209*** 0·022 −0·246*** 0·019 −0·106*** 0·022 0·236*** 0·026 7·232*** 0·629
Education (ref. University)
High school −0·059*** 0·016 0·552 0·343 0·390** 0·179 −0·054*** 0·019 −0·113 0·378 −0·027 0·023 −0·042** 0·019 −0·072*** 0·023 −0·081*** 0·028 −0·617 0·656
Elementary −0·016 0·028 1·930*** 0·577 1·183*** 0·302 −0·008 0·032 0·046 0·634 0·015 0·039 0·019 0·033 −0·020 0·040 −0·119** 0·047 −2·191** 1·105
Civil status (ref. Married)
Unmarried −0·017 0·021 −0·445 0·433 0·023 0·226 −0·004 0·024 0·827* 0·480 −0·008 0·029 0·006 0·025 −0·036 0·029 −0·089** 0·035 −0·832 0·826
Widow/er −0·070*** 0·026 −0·119 0·526 0·035 0·275 −0·081*** 0·029 0·672 0·579 −0·067* 0·035 −0·086*** 0·030 −0·092** 0·036 −0·079* 0·043 1·003 1·006
Divorced −0·024 0·022 −0·732 0·461 −0·335 0·241 −0·007 0·026 1·583*** 0·509 −0·025 0·031 −0·037 0·026 0·044 0·031 0·004 0·038 0·399 0·886
Living dependency (ref. Independent)
Dependent 0·227 0·219 2·281 4·431 1·351 2·315 0·232 0·249 1·429 4·861 0·277 0·301 0·163 0·257 0·224 0·306 0·319 0·509 −4·018 8·447
Living alone (ref. No)
Yes 0·018 0·015 −0·076 0·310 0·056 0·162 0·027 0·017 0·242 0·342 0·036* 0·021 0·021 0·018 0·024 0·021 −0·012 0·025 −0·541 0·594
Social group (ref. Blue collar)
White collar −0·006 0·022 −0·659 0·450 −0·240 0·236 −0·004 0·025 −0·628 0·499 0·015 0·030 −0·022 0·026 0·010 0·031 −0·004 0·036 2·319*** 0·860
Entrepreneur −0·015 0·031 −0·665 0·644 −0·098 0·336 −0·0005 0·036 −1·417** 0·710 0·022 0·043 −0·039 0·037 −0·007 0·044 −0·023 0·052 2·219* 1·227
R 2 14·5% 6·9% 4·6% 7·0% 10·8% 7·0% 12·3% 4·3% 5·8% 9·5%

E%, percentage of energy; CHO, carbohydrate; F&V, fruits and vegetables; DQI, Diet Quality Index; CU, consumption unit; ref., reference category.

***Statistically significant at 1% level; **statistically significant at 5% level; *statistically significant at 10% level; coefficients of regional dummy variables not reported.