. 2013 May 28;17(7):1628–1639. doi: 10.1017/S1368980013001365

Table 2.

Summary of behaviour change findings from thirty-four studies reporting the use of social marketing to address healthy eating

Study	Authors	Behaviour change	Comment
Energize Your Life!	Shive et al. ⁽ ³⁵ ⁾	✓	Significant change in two of two measures of fruit intake
Eat Smart Move Smart	Neiger et al. ⁽ ²¹ ^, ⁴⁸ ⁾	✓	Significant change in four of seven dietary measures
5-a-day	Thackeray et al. ⁽ ⁴⁹ ^, ⁴⁸ ^, ⁵⁰ ⁾	✓	Significant change in student consumption of fruit at lunch; student knowledge of recommended servings; parent and faculty member behaviour
Boston Middle School Corner Store Initiative	Hoffman et al. ⁽ ²⁴ ⁾	✓	Minimal change reported
Project LEAN School Board Campaign	McDermott et al. ⁽ ²⁰ ⁾	✓	Significant change in support for four of ten policy areas; increased frequency of nutrition issues on agendas; increased number of schools enacting and enforcing policy
Food n Fun	Cork⁽ ³⁷ ⁾	✓	Increase in healthy food consumption
Snack Right	Richards et al. ⁽ ²⁵ ⁾	✓	Significant change in fifteen of twenty-four key foods (eleven positive changes, four negative changes); increased spending on fruit
TrEAT Yourself Well	Acharya et al. ⁽ ³⁶ ^, ⁵¹ ⁾	✓	Significant change in purchase of healthy menu items
Team Nutrition	Levine et al. ⁽ ⁵² ^, ⁵³ ⁾	✓	Significant change in three of three measures of nutrition behaviour
The Food Friends (Head Start)	Johnson et al. ⁽ ⁵⁴ ^, ⁵⁵ ⁾	✓	Significant change in preference for one of two indicator foods; significant decline in refusals
Chef Charles Club	Russell et al. ⁽ ⁵⁶ ⁾	✓	Increases in knowledge; recipe trialling; fruit and vegetable consumption
Nutrition Education with Seniors Study	Francis et al. ⁽ ⁵⁷ ^, ⁵⁸ ⁾	✓	Improved overall nutrition assessment for both groups. Significant positive change in fibre intake for intervention; significant negative change in energy, cholesterol and fibre intakes in control group
Marshall Islands Healthy Stores	Gittelsohn et al. ⁽ ⁵⁹ ^– ⁶¹ ⁾	✓	Significant change in sixteen of twenty key foods (thirteen positive, three negative); changes in knowledge and self-efficacy
EPODE	Romon et al. ⁽ ³² ^, ⁶² ^– ⁶⁴ ⁾	–	Not reported. Significant decrease in BMI and prevalence of overweight
PESO	Rivera et al. ⁽ ⁶⁵ ⁾	✓	Significant changes to four twelve dietary behaviours
Incentives, pledges and competitions	Raju et al. ⁽ ⁶⁶ ⁾	✓	All three conditions (incentives, pledges and competitions) significantly increased fruit and vegetable consumption
SNPI	Foster et al. ⁽ ³⁹ ⁾	×	No significant differences between intervention and control for dietary measures. Significant reduction in incidence and prevalence of overweight in intervention group
Cherokee Choices	Bacher et al. ⁽ ³⁸ ⁾	✓	Reported increase in healthy eating behaviour in worksite participants
It's Your Move!	Mathews et al. ⁽ ⁶⁷ ^, ²⁷ ^, ⁴³ ⁾	×	No significant change in any of seven dietary measures. Significant decrease in weight and standardized BMI
Ma'alahi Youth Project	Fotu et al. ⁽ ²⁶ ^, ⁴³ ^, ⁶⁸ ^, ⁶⁹ ⁾	✓	Significant change in seven of ten dietary measures (three positive, four negative). Significant change in body fat percentage
Be Active, Eat Well	Sanigorski et al. ⁽ ⁷⁰ ^, ⁶⁹ ^, ⁷¹ ⁾	–	Not reported. Significantly lower body weight increases, waist, waist-to-height ratio and standardized BMI in intervention group
Rock on Cafe	Johnston et al. ⁽ ⁷² ⁾	–	Not reported. Cafeteria purchases of fruit and vegetables increased; fat content of menus decreased
Project FIT	Eisenmann et al. ⁽ ⁷³ ⁾	–	Not reported
Let's go Local	Kaufer et al. ⁽ ⁷⁴ ^– ⁷⁶ ⁾	✓	Significant changes in sixteen of thirty-three key foods (thirteen positive and three) and dietary variety. Significant decreases in energy, carbohydrate and fat
HEALTHY study	Siega-Riz et al. ⁽ ²² ^, ⁷⁷ ^– ⁷⁹ ⁾	✓	Significant difference between intervention and control for two of sixteen dietary measures (fruit and water intake). No significant difference between groups for combined prevalence of overweight and obesity
Healthy Hawaii	Buchthal et al. ⁽ ⁸⁰ ^– ⁸² ⁾	✓	Increase in fruit and vegetable consumption for adults, decrease for students. Significant changes in subjective norms
Go for 2 & 5	Pollard et al. ⁽ ⁸³ ^– ⁸⁵ ⁾	✓	Significant change in three of five and vegetable intake measures. Change in knowledge
5-4-3-2-1 Go!	Evans et al. ⁽ ⁸⁶ ^, ⁸⁷ ⁾	×	No significant changes in child behaviour. Significant increase in parental fruit, vegetable and water consumption
Colour your life: eat fruits and vegetables	Landers⁽ ⁸⁸ ⁾	–	Not reported
Pacman advergame	Pempek et al. ⁽ ⁸⁹ ⁾	✓	Significant influence of marketing within the game on children's snack selection
The Right Stuff	Peterson et al. ⁽ ⁹⁰ ⁾	✓	Significant changes in seven of ten eating habits and two of eight targeted foods
Children's media campaign	Tanner et al. ⁽ ⁹¹ ^, ⁹² ⁾	×	No significant change in children's behaviour; self-efficacy; motivation; perceived parental support. Significant change in home nutrition environment
DIVAS	Tettey⁽ ⁹³ ⁾	–	Not reported. Measured response rate to the advertising campaign
5+ a day	Ashfield-Watt⁽ ⁹⁴ ⁾	–	Not reported. Measured awareness, knowledge and attitudes in response to campaign

✓, behaviour change achieved; –, behaviour change not reported; ×, behaviour change not achieved.