Table 3.
Relative validity: mean and 95 % confidence interval of 3 d food record by category of beverages from the short FFQ among pre-school children (n 64) aged 2–5 years, metropolitan Sydney, Australia, September 2007–April 2008
| FFQ beverage item | Survey response categories | P for trend† | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Milk | <1 cup/d (n 10) | 1–1·5 cups/d (n 19) | 2 cups/d (n 19) | ≥2·5 cups/d (n 16) | |||||||||||||||||
| Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | ||||||||||||||
| Cups/d | 0·8 | 0·3, 1·3 | 1·6 | 1·3, 2·0 | 1·5 | 1·3, 1·7 | 2·1 | 1·6, 2·7 | <0·001 | ||||||||||||
| Protein (g) | 62 | 53, 71 | 63 | 55, 70 | 62 | 58, 67 | 67 | 54, 80 | 0·41 | ||||||||||||
| Total fat (g) | 48 | 39, 57 | 55 | 49, 62 | 52 | 46, 58 | 60 | 52, 68 | 0·07 | ||||||||||||
| Saturated fat (g) | 21 | 17, 25 | 25 | 22, 28 | 24 | 20, 27 | 29 | 24, 33 | 0·01 | ||||||||||||
| Ca (mg) | 714 | 461, 967 | 1006 | 850, 1162 | 893 | 799, 987 | 1085 | 900, 1270 | 0·02 | ||||||||||||
| P (mg) | 1103 | 869, 1337 | 1282 | 1125, 1439 | 1159 | 1072, 1246 | 1391 | 1151, 1631 | 0·10 | ||||||||||||
| Soft drinks‡ | Does not drink (n 39) | <1 cup/week (n 9) | 1–3 cups/week (n 10) | ≥3·5 cups/week (n 6) | |||||||||||||||||
| Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | ||||||||||||||
| Cups/d | 0·1 | 0·0, 0·1 | 0·1 | −0·1, 0·3 | 0·0 | 0·0, 0·1 | 0·4 | 0·0, 0·8 | 0·01 | ||||||||||||
| Energy (kJ) | 6252 | 5873, 6631 | 6599 | 5391, 7807 | 6125 | 5333, 6917 | 6838 | 4194, 9481 | 0·53 | ||||||||||||
| Sugars (g) | 89 | 82, 96 | 97 | 68, 126 | 89 | 63, 115 | 97 | 60, 134 | 0·59 | ||||||||||||
| Diet soft drinks | Does not drink (n 61) | <1 cup/week (n 0) | 1–3 cups/week (n 2) | ≥3·5 cups/week (n 1) | |||||||||||||||||
| Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | ||||||||||||||
| Cups/d | 0·0 | 0·0, 0·02 | NA | 0·25 | 0, 1·0 | NA | 0·0001 | ||||||||||||||
| Fruit juices | ≤1 cup/month (n 18) | 0·5–3 cups/week (n 23) | 0·5–1 cup/d (n 15) | ≥1·5 cups/d (n 8) | |||||||||||||||||
| Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | ||||||||||||||
| Cups/d | 0·1 | 0·0, 0·2 | 0·1 | 0·0, 0·3 | 0·4 | 0·3, 0·6 | 0·7 | 0·2, 1·1 | <0·001 | ||||||||||||
| Sugars (g) | 87 | 76, 98 | 86 | 74, 98 | 90 | 78, 102 | 117 | 85, 1496 | 0·03 | ||||||||||||
| Vitamin C (mg) | 65 | 40, 90 | 78 | 58, 98 | 112 | 87, 138 | 135 | 33, 237 | 0·003 | ||||||||||||
| K (mg) | 2316 | 1952, 2680 | 2305 | 2093, 2518 | 2372 | 2090, 2654 | 2802 | 2054, 3549 | 0·13 | ||||||||||||
| Water | ≤1·5 cups/d (n 15) | 2–2·5 cups/d (n 15) | 3–3·5 cups/d (n 16) | ≥4 cups/d (n 18) | |||||||||||||||||
| Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | ||||||||||||||
| Cups/d | 1·2 | 0·7, 1·7 | 1·5 | 0·8, 2·2 | 1·7 | 1·0, 2·3 | 2·3 | 1·6, 2·9 | 0·01 | ||||||||||||
NA, not applicable.
†One-way ANOVA with test for linearity.
‡Includes soft drinks, syrups and sports drinks.