Table 1.
Mean sodium:potassium, sodium and potassium intakes; 2010 Community Health Survey Heart Follow-Up Study (HFUS), New York City, USA
| Mean Na:K | Mean Na (mg/d) | Mean K (mg/d) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted mean | 95 % CI | Weighted mean | 95 % CI | Weighted mean | 95 % CI | |
| Overall | 1·7 | 1·6, 1·8 | 3239 | 3119, 3359 | 2175 | 2093, 2257 |
| Age group | ||||||
| 18–24 years | 2·2* | 2·0, 2·4 | 3445 | 3067, 3823 | 1716* | 1532, 1899 |
| 25–44 years (Ref.)† | 1·7 | 1·6, 1·8 | 3248 | 3038, 3457 | 2190 | 2036, 2343 |
| 45–64 years | 1·7 | 1·6, 1·8 | 3467 | 3286, 3649 | 2356 | 2235, 2477 |
| ≥65 years | 1·3* | 1·2, 1·4 | 2630* | 2452, 2809 | 2201 | 2071, 2330 |
| P trend | <0·01 | <0·01 | <0·01 | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 1·7 | 1·6, 1·8 | 3583* | 3392, 3775 | 2387* | 2241, 2533 |
| Female (Ref.) | 1·7 | 1·6, 1·8 | 2944 | 2799, 3088 | 1993 | 1907, 2078 |
| Race | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White (Ref.) | 1·4 | 1·3, 1·5 | 3066 | 2892, 3240 | 2524 | 2369, 2679 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 2·1* | 2·0, 2·3 | 3477* | 3204, 3751 | 1847* | 1690, 2004 |
| Hispanic | 1·8* | 1·7, 1·9 | 3395* | 3153, 3637 | 2021* | 1897, 2144 |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 1·6 | 1·4, 1·8 | 3068 | 2626, 3510 | 2034* | 1869, 2198 |
| Other | 1·7§ | 1·3, 2·1 | 2992§ | 2649, 3335 | 1975*,§ | 1619, 2331 |
| Poverty income ratio | ||||||
| <200 % FPL | 1·8* | 1·7, 2·0 | 3306 | 3123, 3488 | 1987* | 1890, 2084 |
| 200–399 % FPL | 1·7* | 1·5, 1·9 | 3350 | 3076, 3624 | 2168* | 2015, 2322 |
| ≥400 % FPL (Ref.) | 1·4 | 1·3, 1·5 | 3200 | 2983, 3416 | 2553 | 2358, 2749 |
| P trend | <0·01 | 0·20 | <0·01 | |||
| Education | ||||||
| Less than high school | 1·9* | 1·8, 2·1 | 3376 | 3084, 3669 | 1938* | 1778, 2097 |
| Grade 12 or GED | 1·9* | 1·7, 2·0 | 3365 | 3111, 3619 | 1988* | 1862, 2113 |
| Some college | 1·7* | 1·6, 1·9 | 3166 | 2936, 3396 | 2060* | 1925, 2196 |
| College graduate (Ref.) | 1·4 | 1·3, 1·5 | 3096 | 2901, 3290 | 2576 | 2394, 2758 |
| P trend | <0·01 | 0·25 | <0·01 | |||
| Country of birth | ||||||
| US-born (Ref.) | 1·8 | 1·7, 1·9 | 3299 | 3135, 3462 | 2132 | 2016, 2249 |
| Foreign-born‡ | 1·6* | 1·5, 1·7 | 3176 | 2999, 3353 | 2227 | 2110, 2343 |
| BMI category | ||||||
| Underweight, <18·5 kg/m2 | 1·9§ | 1·1, 2·7 | 3130§ | 2103, 4157 | 1852*,§ | 1514, 2190 |
| Normal, 18·5–<25·0 kg/m2 (Ref.) | 1·5 | 1·4, 1·7 | 3040 | 2835, 3245 | 2228 | 2100, 2355 |
| Overweight, 25·0–<30·0 kg/m2 | 1·6 | 1·5, 1·7 | 3114 | 2925, 3303 | 2151 | 1997, 2304 |
| Obese, ≥30·0 kg/m2 | 1·9* | 1·8, 2·0 | 3609* | 3381, 3837 | 2179 | 2021, 2337 |
| P trend | <0·01 | <0·01 | 0·24 | |||
| Smoking | ||||||
| Never (Ref.) | 1·7 | 1·6, 1·8 | 3149 | 2999, 3299 | 2124 | 2015, 2234 |
| Current | 1·9 | 1·7, 2·0 | 3496* | 3195, 3796 | 2143 | 1934, 2351 |
| Former | 1·6 | 1·4, 1·7 | 3287 | 3025, 3549 | 2334* | 2182, 2486 |
| Performed physical activity in last 30 d | ||||||
| Yes | 1·6 | 1·6, 1·7 | 3152 | 3014, 3290 | 2197 | 2101, 2293 |
| No (Ref.) | 1·9* | 1·7, 2·0 | 3491* | 3256, 3727 | 2110 | 1950, 2271 |
| Fruit and vegetable intake | ||||||
| None (Ref.) | 1·9 | 1·8, 2·1 | 3296 | 2969, 3624 | 1842 | 1655, 2029 |
| 1 to 4 servings/d | 1·7* | 1·6, 1·8 | 3270 | 3127, 3414 | 2166* | 2069, 2263 |
| 5+ servings/d | 1·4* | 1·2, 1·5 | 3050 | 2756, 3345 | 2531* | 2300, 2762 |
| P trend | <0·01 | 0·39 | <0·01 | |||
| Times per week eat fast food | ||||||
| None (Ref.) | 1·5 | 1·4, 1·6 | 3126 | 2969, 3283 | 2385 | 2258, 2512 |
| <1 | 1·8* | 1·7, 2·0 | 3293 | 3045, 3542 | 1965* | 1837, 2093 |
| 1 to <2 | 1·9* | 1·7, 2·0 | 3513 | 3125, 3902 | 2031* | 1819, 2243 |
| 2 to <3 | 2·0* | 1·7, 2·2 | 3604 | 3036, 4172 | 2075 | 1766, 2383 |
| 3 to <6 | 2·0* | 1·8, 2·3 | 3200 | 2745, 3655 | 1650* | 1371, 1929 |
| P trend | <0·01 | 0·23 | <0·01 | |||
| Two or more sodas daily | ||||||
| Yes | 2·2* | 2·0, 2·5 | 3915* | 3416, 4413 | 1911 | 1630, 2192 |
| No (Ref.) | 1·6 | 1·6, 1·7 | 3166 | 3048, 3284 | 2202 | 2116, 2288 |
Ref., reference category; FPL, federal poverty level; GED, General Educational Development.
P value for trend is calculated for ordinal, categorical variables using the Wald χ 2 test.
Statistical significance at P < 0·05, P value compares mean in subgroup to reference.
Reference group is 25–44-year-olds due to smaller sample size in the 18–24-year-old group.
Because diet and culture heavily influence Na and K intakes, those reporting being born in Puerto Rico or other US Territories were considered ‘foreign-born’.
Estimate’s relative standard error is greater than 30 % or the sample size is less than fifty, making the estimate potentially unreliable.