Table 2.
Dietary folate intake of reproductive-age New Zealand women (n 125) and comparisons with the Australian and New Zealand EAR as a cut-off point for assessing nutrient adequacy*
Voluntary bread fortification, 2008 | Increased voluntary bread fortification, 2011 | Mandatory bread fortification, as proposed | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted median | IQR | Unadjusted median | IQR | Absolute change† | % Change | Unadjusted median | IQR | Absolute change‡ | % Change | |||||||||
Dietary folate intake* | ||||||||||||||||||
Folic acid (μg/d) | 46a | 8–97 | 56b | 22–133 | +10 | 22 | 135c | 64–201 | +89 | 193 | ||||||||
% above 100 μg/d | 24 | 35 | 63 | |||||||||||||||
% above 200 μg/d | 4 | 6 | 27 | |||||||||||||||
Adjusted median | IQR | Adjusted median | IQR | Adjusted median | IQR | |||||||||||||
Natural folate (μg/d) | 261 | 211–323 | 261 | 211–323 | – | – | 261 | 211–323 | – | – | ||||||||
DFE (μg/d) | 362a | 282–461 | 394b | 307–501 | +32 | 9 | 535c | 438–642 | +173 | 48 | ||||||||
% below EAR of 320 μg/d | 37 | 29 | 5 |
EAR, Estimated Average Requirement; IQR, interquartile range; DFE, dietary folate equivalents.
Median values within a row with unlike subscript letters were significantly different (P < 0·05, Bonferroni-adjusted).
Folic acid is reported as unadjusted median and interquartile range; natural folate and DFE values are expressed as the usual (adjusted) median and interquartile range.
Absolute change from voluntary bread fortification prior to 2009 to increased voluntary bread fortification in 2011.
Absolute change from voluntary bread fortification prior to 2009 to mandatory fortification as proposed.