Table 1.
Frequency of asthma according to characteristics of the study population: elementary-school children (n 1307) aged 6–12 years, São Francisco do Conde, Bahia, north-eastern Brazil, 2010
| Asthma | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | n | % | n | % | P value |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 607 | 46·4 | 63 | 10·4 | 0·780 |
| Male | 700 | 53·6 | 76 | 10·9 | |
| Age (years)* | |||||
| 6–9 | 666 | 51·3 | 78 | 11·8 | 0·231 |
| 10–12 | 626 | 48·7 | 61 | 9·7 | |
| Education of caregiver* | |||||
| Illiterate | 55 | 4·6 | 5 | 9·1 | 0·646 |
| 1st to 4th grade | 312 | 26·1 | 36 | 11·5 | |
| 5th to 8th grade | 315 | 26·4 | 28 | 8·9 | |
| Second degree or higher | 513 | 42·9 | 58 | 11·3 | |
| Place of residence* | |||||
| Rural | 872 | 66·6 | 84 | 9·6 | 0·096 |
| Urban | 432 | 33·3 | 55 | 12·6 | |
| Family income*,† | |||||
| ≤1/2 BMS | 834 | 70·0 | 88 | 10·6 | 0·923 |
| >1/2 BMS | 357 | 30·0 | 37 | 10·4 | |
| Number of individuals per household* | |||||
| ≤4 | 632 | 52·6 | 63 | 49·6 | 0·472 |
| >4 | 569 | 47·4 | 64 | 11·2 | |
| Anthropometric status* | |||||
| Underweight | 121 | 9·4 | 14 | 10·1 | 0·296‡ |
| Normal weight | 952 | 74·1 | 97 | 10·2 | |
| Overweight | 125 | 9·7 | 15 | 12·0 | |
| Obese | 87 | 6·8 | 13 | 14·9 | |
| Tobacco smoke exposure* | |||||
| No | 1043 | 80·5 | 104 | 10·0 | 0·148 |
| Yes | 252 | 19·5 | 33 | 13·1 | |
| FNS situation* | |||||
| FNS | 445 | 35·5 | 39 | 8·8 | 0·006‡ |
| FNI mild | 534 | 42·5 | 54 | 10·1 | |
| FNI moderate | 200 | 15·9 | 27 | 13·5 | |
| FNI severe | 76 | 6·1 | 14 | 18·4 | |
FNS, food and nutrition security; FNI, food and nutrition insecurity.
*Different totals because of non-available data.
†Measured in Brazilian minimum salaries (BMS). Value in 2010 = R$ 510·00 (Brazilian reais; equivalent to $US 290·70).
‡Using the χ 2 test; other P values obtained using Mantel–Haenszel's linear association test.