Table 1.
Study sample characteristics of adolescents who participated in NHANES according to breakfast consumption, 2007–2008
| Non-breakfast skipper | Breakfast skipper | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome and demographic variables | n | %* | n | %* |
| Meets PA recommendations for age | ||||
| Yes | 323 | 68·7 | 264 | 65·0 |
| No | 191 | 31·3 | 158 | 35·0 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 271 | 51·0 | 216 | 50·9 |
| Male | 243 | 49·0 | 206 | 49·2 |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 12–15 | 301 | 57·3 | 190 | 44·5 |
| 16–19 | 213 | 42·7 | 232 | 55·5 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 171 | 63·4 | 133 | 61·4 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 107 | 11·0 | 134 | 15·9 |
| Hispanic | 211 | 18·9 | 139 | 18·6 |
| Other | 25 | 6·7 | 16 | 4·1 |
| Annual household income | ||||
| <$US 25 000 | 146 | 17·6 | 135 | 25·2 |
| $US 25 000–49 999 | 134 | 24·1 | 128 | 27·1 |
| ≥$US 50 000 | 234 | 61·3 | 159 | 47·7 |
| Household food security | ||||
| Full | 339 | 77·0 | 250 | 67·7 |
| Marginal | 58 | 7·0 | 57 | 10·5 |
| Low | 74 | 9·6 | 74 | 13·6 |
| Very low | 43 | 6·3 | 41 | 8·2 |
| Education level of parent | ||||
| <High school | 152 | 18·5 | 118 | 19·4 |
| High school | 102 | 18·9 | 100 | 23·5 |
| >High school | 240 | 56·8 | 193 | 53·2 |
| Missing | 20 | 5·8 | 11 | 3·9 |
| Education level of parent's spouse | ||||
| <High school | 76 | 12·2 | 50 | 8·2 |
| High school | 58 | 14·2 | 53 | 17·1 |
| >High school | 150 | 38·5 | 93 | 27·7 |
| Missing | 230 | 35·1 | 226 | 47·0 |
| Marital status of parent | ||||
| Married | 308 | 70·0 | 219 | 58·5 |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 113 | 18·9 | 87 | 19·9 |
| Single | 49 | 5·0 | 55 | 9·4 |
| Living with partner | 22 | 3·3 | 16 | 3·6 |
| Missing | 22 | 2·9 | 45 | 5·6 |
| Tobacco/nicotine use in last 5 d | ||||
| Yes | 41 | 8·5 | 56 | 15·7 |
| No | 441 | 86·8 | 348 | 20·2 |
| Missing | 32 | 4·7 | 18 | 4·0 |
| Receives school lunch | ||||
| Always (5 d/week) | 261 | 45·8 | 191 | 42·0 |
| Sometimes (1–4 d/week) | 66 | 11·6 | 66 | 20·3 |
| Never (0 d/week) | 88 | 22·1 | 69 | 22·6 |
| Missing | 99 | 20·9 | 96 | 22·6 |
| Trying to lose weight? | ||||
| Yes | 61 | 11·7 | 55 | 12·6 |
| No | 417 | 82·6 | 348 | 84·2 |
| Missing | 36 | 5·7 | 19 | 3·2 |
| BMI† | ||||
| Normal weight (<85th percentile) | 326 | 69·7 | 260 | 62·7 |
| Overweight (85th–95th percentile) | 85 | 14·3 | 70 | 17·7 |
| Obese (≥95th percentile) | 103 | 17·0 | 92 | 19·6 |
NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; PA, physical activity.
*Weighted percentages.
†To determine weight status in children and adolescents aged 2–19 years, BMI was calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in metres (kg/m2) and this number was then compared on a standardized growth chart. Children and adolescents who were at the 85th but below the 95th percentile were considered overweight; those at or above the 95th percentile were considered obese.