Table 2.
Population description for children from Western-born families and from non-Western immigrant families (children aged 1–6 years participating in TARGet Kids!, Toronto, Canada, December 2008 to July 2011)
| Children from Western-born families | Children from non-Western immigrant families | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n 1119; 73 %) | (n 421; 27 %) | |||||||
| Child characteristic | Frequency | % | Median | Range | Frequency | % | Median | Range |
| Age (months) | – | – | 36 | 12–75 | – | – | 38 | 12–78 |
| Sex, male | 564 | 50 | – | – | 221 | 52 | – | – |
| Skin pigmentation, light | 1061 | 95 | – | – | 259 | 62 | – | – |
| BMI Z-score | 0·2 | −3·0 to 3·8 | 0·12 | −3·1 to 3·9 | ||||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Mixed Western | 958 | 86 | – | – | 46 | 11 | – | – |
| Mixed Western/non-Western | 143 | 13 | – | – | 202 | 48 | – | – |
| East Asian & South-east Asian | 8 | 1 | – | – | 82 | 19 | – | – |
| South-west Asian | 9 | 1 | – | – | 61 | 14 | – | – |
| African & Caribbean | 1 | 0·1 | – | – | 30 | 7 | – | – |
| Season | ||||||||
| May-Sept (summer) | 515 | 46 | – | – | 196 | 47 | – | – |
| Current cow's milk intake (ml) | – | – | 500 | 0–1250 | – | – | 500 | 0–1250 |
| Vitamin D supplements | ||||||||
| Yes | 633 | 57 | – | – | 217 | 52 | – | – |
| Outdoor play | ||||||||
| 1–4 h/week | 399 | 36 | – | – | 230 | 55 | – | – |
| 5–7 h/week | 720 | 64 | – | – | 191 | 45 | – | – |
| Annual household income ($CAN) | – | – | 58 000 | 15 000–335 000 | – | – | 50 000 | 15 000–269 000 |
| Serum 25(OH)D (nmol/l) | – | – | 84 | 12–267 | – | – | 80 | 11–210 |
25(OH)D, 25-hydroxvitamin D.