Table 3.
The associations of daily consumption of fresh vegetables, daily consumption of fruit and consumption of berries at least twice weekly with high plasma vitamin C concentration in Pitkäranta, Republic of Karelia, Russia in 1997 and 2002 and in North Karelia, Finland in 1992, 1997 and 2002. The reference category comprised the middle and lowest vitamin C tertiles
| Unadjusted | Adjusted for age | Adjusted for age and education | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | |
| Pitkäranta | ||||||
| Men* | ||||||
| 1997 | ||||||
| Fresh vegetables | 1·22 | 0·53, 2·83 | 1·25 | 0·54, 2·91 | 1·24 | 0·53, 2·92 |
| Fruit | 3·17 | 1·24, 8·09 | 3·05 | 1·19, 7·84 | 2·83 | 1·10, 7·31 |
| Berries | 0·57 | 0·18, 1·79 | 0·54 | 0·17, 1·74 | 0·49 | 0·15, 1·58 |
| 2002 | ||||||
| Fresh vegetables | 1·19 | 0·55, 2·58 | 1·23 | 0·56, 2·69 | 1·13 | 0·48, 2·64 |
| Fruit | 3·58 | 1·74, 7·36 | 4·12 | 1·95, 8·71 | 4·08 | 1·78, 9·35 |
| Berries | 1·64 | 0·58, 4·60 | 1·62 | 0·57, 4·59 | 1·47 | 0·48, 4·48 |
| 1997 and 2002 | ||||||
| Fresh vegetables | 1·19 | 0·68, 2·10 | 1·23 | 0·69, 2·18 | 1·19 | 0·66, 2·16 |
| Fruit | 3·27 | 1·86, 5·76 | 3·44 | 1·94, 6·09 | 3·17 | 1·76, 5·72 |
| Berries | 0·98 | 0·46, 2·08 | 0·95 | 0·45, 2·03 | 0·82 | 0·38, 1·78 |
| Women | ||||||
| 1997 | ||||||
| Fresh vegetables | 3·22 | 1·86, 5·59 | 3·34 | 1·92, 5·82 | 3·00 | 1·70, 5·29 |
| Fruit | 5·64 | 3·12, 10·18 | 5·53 | 3·03, 10·09 | 4·92 | 2·67, 9·07 |
| Berries | 1·76 | 0·90, 3·43 | 1·82 | 0·93, 3·56 | 1·73 | 0·87, 3·47 |
| 2002 | ||||||
| Fresh vegetables | 1·92 | 1·11, 3·33 | 2·01 | 1·15, 3·52 | 1·86 | 1·06, 3·27 |
| Fruit | 2·57 | 1·53, 4·33 | 2·58 | 1·53, 4·36 | 2·42 | 1·42, 4·11 |
| Berries | 1·96 | 1·04, 3·71 | 2·11 | 1·10, 4·03 | 1·92 | 0·99, 3·71 |
| 1997 and 2002 | ||||||
| Fresh vegetables | 2·48 | 1·69, 3·65 | 2·59 | 1·75, 3·83 | 2·36 | 1·59, 3·51 |
| Fruit | 3·47 | 2·38, 5·06 | 3·41 | 2·34, 4·97 | 3·14 | 2·14, 4·61 |
| Berries | 1·86 | 1·17, 2·94 | 1·96 | 1·23, 3·12 | 1·81 | 1·12, 2·91 |
| North Karelia | ||||||
| Men | ||||||
| 1992 | ||||||
| Fresh vegetables | 1·80 | 1·02, 3·18 | 1·90 | 1·07, 3·40 | 1·75 | 0·97, 3·16 |
| Fruit | 2·15 | 1·18, 3·91 | 2·23 | 1·21, 4·10 | 2·19 | 1·19, 4·06 |
| Berries | 1·08 | 0·62, 1·90 | 1·37 | 0·75, 2·50 | 1·32 | 0·72, 2·42 |
| 1997 | ||||||
| Fresh vegetables | 1·18 | 0·64, 2·18 | 1·30 | 0·70, 2·44 | 1·05 | 0·54, 2·03 |
| Fruit | 2·28 | 1·22, 4·25 | 2·39 | 1·27, 4·49 | 2·20 | 1·16, 4·17 |
| Berries | 0·73 | 0·39, 1·38 | 0·84 | 0·43, 1·65 | 0·75 | 0·38, 1·50 |
| 2002 | ||||||
| Fresh vegetables | 1·48 | 1·04, 2·11 | 1·48 | 1·04, 2·12 | 1·50 | 1·04, 2·16 |
| Fruit | 1·34 | 0·94, 1·91 | 1·36 | 0·95, 1·94 | 1·40 | 0·98, 2·00 |
| Berries | 0·97 | 0·67, 1·39 | 1·01 | 0·69, 1·46 | 1·04 | 0·71, 1·52 |
| 1992, 1997 and 2002 | ||||||
| Fresh vegetables | 1·48 | 1·13, 1·94 | 1·51 | 1·15, 1·98 | 1·43 | 1·09, 1·89 |
| Fruit | 1·63 | 1·24, 2·13 | 1·67 | 1·28, 2·20 | 1·67 | 1·27, 2·19 |
| Berries | 0·94 | 0·72, 1·24 | 1·04 | 0·78, 1·38 | 1·03 | 0·77, 1·37 |
| Women | ||||||
| 2002 | ||||||
| Fresh vegetables | 1·10 | 0·77, 1·57 | 1·08 | 0·76, 1·54 | 1·04 | 0·72, 1·50 |
| Fruit | 1·51 | 1·05, 2·16 | 1·49 | 1·04, 2·14 | 1·48 | 1·02, 2·14 |
| Berries | 1·26 | 0·90, 1·77 | 1·23 | 0·86, 1·75 | 1·25 | 0·87, 1·78 |
*The data from Pitkäranta in 1992 were omitted from the logistic regression analyses because of the skewed distribution in plasma vitamin C concentration.