Table 3.
Contribution of foods and beverages to total energy intake (kJ/d) consumed by age group; children and adolescents aged 1–18 years (n 6867), Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS), 2012
| Age 1–3 years | Age 4–8 years | Age 9–13 years | Age 14–18 years | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Per capita (kJ/d) | Per capita (kJ/d) | Per capita (kJ/d) | Per capita (kJ/d) | |||||||||
| Mean | se | % of total | Mean | se | % of total | Mean | se | % of total | Mean | se | % of total | |
| Total daily energy (kJ) | 5464·3a | 98·2 | 100 | 7086·4b | 96·9 | 100 | 8356·0c | 129·9 | 100 | 9069·8d | 195·6 | 100 |
| Energy from foods | 4075·3a | 92·1 | 74·6 | 5681·8b | 86·0 | 80·2 | 6890·3c | 121·8 | 82·5 | 7330·8c | 170·9 | 80·8 |
| Energy from beverages | 1389·0a | 52·7 | 25·4 | 1404·6a | 34·3 | 19·8 | 1465·7a | 37·9 | 17·5 | 1739·0b | 62·9 | 19·2 |
| Water | ||||||||||||
| Plain | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Flavoured/caloric | 8·7a | 2·6 | 0·2 | 23·5b | 4·8 | 0·3 | 19·7a,b | 3·8 | 0·2 | 29·8b | 6·8 | 0·3 |
| Agua fresca (fruit water) | 109·1a | 22·3 | 2·0 | 191·4b | 19·7 | 2·7 | 194·4b | 16·0 | 2·3 | 188·5a,b | 26·4 | 2·1 |
| Coffee/tea | ||||||||||||
| Caloric | 128·2a,b | 21·4 | 2·3 | 131·3a | 13·9 | 1·9 | 151·7a,b | 14·1 | 1·8 | 197·4b | 20·5 | 2·2 |
| Plain/low calorie | 9·3a | 1·5 | 0·2 | 15·3a,b | 2·1 | 0·2 | 16·7b | 2·1 | 0·2 | 16·0b | 1·9 | 0·2 |
| Soda | ||||||||||||
| Caloric | 58·9a | 4·1 | 1·1 | 126·9b | 8·1 | 1·8 | 235·6c | 12·6 | 2·8 | 443·9d | 24·5 | 4·9 |
| Low calorie | 1·2a | 0·4 | 0·0 | 3·9a | 1·6 | 0·1 | 3·2a | 1·2 | 0·0 | 3·5a | 2·3 | 0·0 |
| Fruit & vegetable juice | ||||||||||||
| 100 % natural juice | 13·7a | 3·2 | 0·3 | 12·7a | 2·2 | 0·2 | 15·5a | 3·6 | 0·2 | 34·4a | 12·6 | 0·4 |
| Fruit/vegetable drinks | 105·3a | 9·0 | 1·9 | 108·4a | 7·9 | 1·5 | 81·5a | 7·6 | 1·0 | 117·6a | 18·2 | 1·3 |
| Milk & milk beverages | ||||||||||||
| Plain, high fat | 399·5a | 22·7 | 7·3 | 217·9b | 15·5 | 3·1 | 186·3b | 14·3 | 2·2 | 127·6c | 13·2 | 1·4 |
| Plain, low fat | 25·0a | 7·6 | 0·5 | 19·1a | 4·5 | 0·3 | 7·3a,b | 2·0 | 0·1 | 4·4b | 1·5 | 0·0 |
| Milk beverages, flavoured | 311·7a | 33·8 | 5·7 | 286·4a | 17·9 | 4·0 | 290·2a | 26·7 | 3·5 | 233·5a | 27·7 | 2·6 |
| Milk with cereal | 98·1a | 12·6 | 1·8 | 159·9b | 16·1 | 2·3 | 130·9a,b | 19·9 | 1·6 | 145·9a,b | 21·5 | 1·6 |
| Atole | ||||||||||||
| Milk base | 70·9a,b | 14·0 | 1·3 | 58·2a,b | 9·3 | 0·8 | 83·9b | 12·6 | 1·0 | 40·3a | 8·0 | 0·4 |
| Water base | 25·1a | 5·7 | 0·5 | 32·6a | 6·2 | 0·5 | 39·3a | 7·3 | 0·5 | 41·3a | 14·7 | 0·5 |
| Sports & energy drinks | 1·6a | 0·9 | 0·0 | 3·8a | 1·7 | 0·1 | 2·8a | 1·4 | 0·0 | 4·8a | 2·4 | 0·1 |
| Alcoholic beverages | – | – | – | 0·0a | 0·0 | 0·0 | 0·9a | 0·9 | 0·0 | 72·7b | 21·1 | 0·8 |
| Other beverages | 22·6a | 5·0 | 0·4 | 13·2a | 2·0 | 0·2 | 5·9b | 1·6 | 0·1 | 37·6a,b | 17·9 | 0·4 |
a,b,c,dStatistical comparisons are made between age groups. Mean estimates within a row with unlike superscript letters were significantly different, Bonferroni-adjusted Student’s t test (P<0·05).