. 2013 Sep 20;17(10):2307–2315. doi: 10.1017/S1368980013002474

Table 3.

Changes in anthropometric indices at 2-year follow-up in normal-weight children at baseline by (a) number and type cohabiting adults and (b) number of siblings: 5236 children from eight European countries participating in the IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants) study

	Both parents (n 4607)		Mother or father (n 409)		One parent and new partner (n 104)		50 % mother, 50 % father (n 59)		Grandparents (n 21)		Other (n 36)
(a)	Mean	95 % CI	Mean	95 % CI	Mean	95 % CI	Mean	95 % CI	Mean	95 % CI	Mean	95 % CI	P
ΔBMI	0·55^c	0·52, 0·59	0·71^a,c	0·60, 0·82	0·25^a,b	0·03, 0·46	0·62	0·33, 0·89	0·72	0·25, 1·19	0·14^a,b	−0·22, 0·51	<0·001
ΔBMI Z-score	0·08	0·06, 0·09	0·15	0·08, 0·21	−0·03	−0·16, 0·10	0·10	−0·07, 0·28	0·15	−0·15, 0·45	−0·15	−0·38, 0·07	0·069
	Only child (n 884)		1 sibling (n 3130)				2 siblings (n 987)						>2 siblings (n 235)
(b)	Mean	95 % CI	Mean	95 % CI	Mean	95 % CI	Mean	95 % CI	P for trend
ΔBMI	0·65^c,d	0·58, 0·72	0·57	0·53, 0·60	0·48^a	0·41, 0·55	0·45^a	0·30, 0·59	<0·001
ΔBMI Z-score	0·11	0·07, 0·16	0·08	0·06, 0·11	0·04	0·03, 0·09	0·04	−0·05, 0·12	0·027

ΔBMI, change in BMI; ΔBMI Z-score, change in BMI Z-score.

Categories of number and type of cohabiting adults and number of siblings refer to follow-up.

Data are presented as means and 95 % confidence intervals and are adjusted for age, sex, birth weight, home meal frequency, practice of sport by the child, parental adiposity, parental education, number of siblings (in (a) only), number and type of cohabiting adults (in (b) only), survey centre and intervention/control area.

Multiple comparisons (ANCOVA (P for trend) with Bonferroni's post hoc correction): (a) ^a P < 0·01 v. both parents; ^b P < 0·01 v. mother or father; ^c P<0·01 v. one parent and new partner; (b) ^a P < 0·05 v. only child; ^c P < 0·05 v. 2 siblings; ^d P < 0·05 v. >2 siblings.