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. 2023 Jun 7;13:1190631. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1190631

Table 3.

Effect of flow regime (flushing duration one-month prior to sampling) and heterotrophic plate counts of hand basin and shower water microbes.

Microbes in hand basin and shower water Flow regime (one-month prior sampling) * Heterotrophic plate count **
Low
(0 to < 2 hours/month)
High
(≥ 2 to 40 hours/month)
Low
(10 to < 5 × 103 CFU/L)
High
(≥ 5 × 103 to 1.5 × 105 CFU/L)
Total Legionella (GU/L) 1.783 ± 2.043 0.637 ± 1.559 0.532 ± 1.443 1.604 ± 2.015
VBNC Legionella (GU/L) 1.560 ± 1.771 0.551 ± 1.366 0.413 ± 1.100 1.455 ± 1.839
Total L. pneumophila (GU/L) 1.472 ± 1.671 0.495 ± 1.284 0.429 ± 1.148 1.326 ± 1.698
VBNC L. pneumophila (GU/L) 1.206 ± 1.372 0.416 ± 1.107 0.344 ± 0.921 1.106 ± 1.442
Vermamoeba vermiformis (GU/L) 3.578 ± 2.835 1.755 ± 2.508 1.983 ± 2.763 2.952 ± 2.755
Heterotrophic plate count (CFU/L) 3.742 ± 1.010 3.656 ± 0.855

Data is log transformed and shown as mean ± standard deviation.

*Microbial loads (except heterotrophic plate count) in the low flow regime are significantly higher than in the high flow regimes (Kruskal-Wallis analysis, p < 0.05).

**Microbial loads in high heterotrophic plate counts are significantly higher than low heterotrophic plate counts (Kruskal-Wallis analysis, p < 0.05).