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. 2023 Jun 7;14:1188547. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1188547

Table 3.

Effect of coffee consumption on serum thyroid function indicators.

Variable Coffee OR 95%CI P
Hyperthyroidism ref ref ref ref ref
<2 0.33 0.05 2.20 0.26
2-4 0.41 0.04 4.03 0.45
>4 1.69 0.16 17.59 0.66
Hypothyroidism ref ref ref ref ref
<2 0.94 0.26 3.36 0.92
2-4 0.54 0.13 2.24 0.40
>4 1.98 0.52 7.45 0.32
Subclinical. Hyperthyroidism ref ref ref ref ref
<2 0.93 0.61 1.40 0.72
2-4 1.03 0.58 1.82 0.93
>4 0.98 0.46 2.07 0.96
Subclinical. Hypothyroidism ref ref ref ref ref
<2 0.60 0.41 0.89 0.015*
2-4 0.89 0.59 1.36 0.61
>4 0.65 0.25 1.72 0.40

**Tips less than 0.05, **Tips less than 0.01, Models adjusted for age, sex, education, ethnicity, smoking, alcohol, DM, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, BMI, and urinary iodine concentration.