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. 2023 Jun 13;43(6):246–256. doi: 10.1089/jir.2022.0078

FIG. 1.

FIG. 1.

Innate immune response and adaptive immune responses of CoV during an infection (Bergmann and Silverman 2020; Hejrati and others 2021; Trougakos and others 2021). ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ANG, angiotensin; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CoV, coronaviruses; IL, interleukin; IRF, interferon regulatory factors; NF-κβ, nuclear factor kappa B.