FIG 4.
Short-term exposure of S1PR modulators in COVID-19 ARDS: Summary of potential mechanisms. *Differential PK/PD profiles as described elsewhere. Bregs, regulatory B cell; IL, interleukin; PK/PD, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic; PP2A, protein phosphatase 2A; S1P, sphingosine-1-phosphate; Th, helper T cell; Tregs, regulatory T cell.