Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants with and without depressive symptom by sex.
| Variables | Male (N = 4,146) | χ 2 | p | Female (N = 4,796) | χ 2 | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | With depressive symptom N (%) | Without depressive symptom N (%) | With depressive symptom N (%) | Without depressive symptom N (%) | ||||
| N | 1,705 (41.12) | 2,441 (58.88) | 2,640 (55.05) | 2,156 (44.95) | ||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| 45–54 | 476 (27.92) | 749 (30.68) | 8.220 | 0.042 | 966 (36.59) | 881 (40.86) | 11.665 | 0.009 |
| 55–64 | 676 (39.65) | 988 (40.48) | 1,015 (38.45) | 778 (36.09) | ||||
| 65–74 | 417 (24.46) | 512 (20.98) | 467 (17.69) | 373 (17.30) | ||||
| ≥75 | 136 (7.98) | 192 (7.87) | 192 (7.27) | 124 (5.75) | ||||
| Education | ||||||||
| Illiterate | 248 (14.55) | 292 (11.96) | 39.190 | 0.000 | 1,139 (43.14) | 831 (38.54) | 27.560 | 0.000 |
| Less than elementary school | 1,297 (76.07) | 1,763 (72.22) | 1,355 (51.33) | 1,129 (52.37) | ||||
| High school | 106 (6.22) | 242 (9.91) | 108 (4.09) | 142 (6.59) | ||||
| Above vocational school | 54 (3.17) | 144 (5.90) | 38 (1.44) | 54 (2.50) | ||||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Single | 195 (11.44) | 177 (7.25) | 21.535 | 0.000 | 423 (16.02) | 264 (12.24) | 13.801 | 0.000 |
| Married | 1,510 (88.56) | 2,264 (92.75) | 2,217 (83.98) | 1,892 (87.76) | ||||
| Current residence | ||||||||
| Rural | 1,598 (93.72) | 2,217 (90.82) | 11.499 | 0.001 | 2,480 (93.94) | 1,950 (90.45) | 20.555 | 0.000 |
| Urban | 107 (6.28) | 224 (9.18) | 160 (6.06) | 206 (9.55) | ||||
| Current smoking | ||||||||
| No | 400 (23.46) | 620 (25.40) | 2.075 | 0.354 | 2,408 (91.21) | 2016 (93.51) | 9.461 | 0.009 |
| Former smoke | 292 (17.13) | 413 (16.92) | 59 (2.23) | 30 (1.39) | ||||
| Current smoke | 1,013 (59.41) | 1,408 (57.68) | 173 (6.55) | 110 (5.10) | ||||
| Alcohol drinking | ||||||||
| No | 795 (46.63) | 1,036 (42.44) | 7.617 | 0.022 | 2,312 (87.58) | 1,915 (88.82) | 2.436 | 0.296 |
| Less than once a month | 185 (10.85) | 269 (11.02) | 142 (5.38) | 96 (4.45) | ||||
| More than once a month | 725 (42.52) | 1,136 (46.54) | 186 (7.05) | 145 (6.73) | ||||
| Taking activities | ||||||||
| No | 876 (51.38) | 1,128 (46.21) | 10.735 | 0.001 | 1,330 (50.38) | 1,032 (47.87) | 2.997 | 0.083 |
| Yes | 829 (48.62) | 1,313 (53.79) | 1,310 (49.62) | 1,124 (52.13) | ||||
| Having regular exercises | ||||||||
| No exercise | 1,077 (63.17) | 1,486 (60.88) | 2.232 | 0.328 | 1,599 (60.57) | 1,311 (60.81) | 9.587 | 0.008 |
| Less than exercises | 312 (18.30) | 474 (19.42) | 555 (21.02) | 390 (18.09) | ||||
| Regular exercises | 316 (18.53) | 481 (19.71) | 486 (18.41) | 455 (21.10) | ||||
| Chronic diseases(counts) | ||||||||
| 0 | 415 (24.34) | 957 (39.21) | 158.415 | 0.000 | 613 (23.22) | 781 (36.22) | 144.079 | 0.000 |
| 1–2 | 871 (51.09) | 1,188 (48.67) | 1,362 (51.59) | 1,074 (49.81) | ||||
| 3–14 | 419 (24.57) | 296 (12.13) | 665 (25.19) | 301 (13.96) | ||||
| Waist circumference | 83.91 ± 9.77 | 85.78 ± 9.72 | 6.082 | 0.000 | 85.45 ± 10.24 | 86.02 ± 10.05 | 1.939 | 0.053 |
| BMI | 22.58 ± 3.59 | 23.27 ± 3.58 | 6.071 | 0.000 | 23.86 ± 4.05 | 24.27 ± 4.08 | 3.448 | 0.001 |
| WHtR | 0.51 ± 0.06 | 0.52 ± 0.06 | 4.541 | 0.000 | 0.56 ± 0.07 | 0.56 ± 0.07 | 0.610 | 0.542 |
| VAI | 3.89 ± 4.60 | 4.01 ± 4.22 | 0.876 | 0.381 | 5.95 ± 5.46 | 6.29 ± 6.10 | 2.015 | 0.044 |
| ABSI | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | −0.724 | 0.469 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | −3.273 | 0.001 |
| BRI | 3.69 ± 1.13 | 3.84 ± 1.13 | 4.380 | 0.000 | 4.65 ± 1.44 | 4.68 ± 1.48 | 0.623 | 0.533 |
| LAP | 28.97 ± 33.44 | 32.30 ± 33.09 | 3.170 | 0.002 | 42.9 ± 34.15 | 45.37 ± 36.97 | 2.384 | 0.017 |
| Conicity index | 1.27 ± 0.08 | 1.27 ± 0.08 | 1.781 | 0.075 | 1.30 ± 0.10 | 1.30 ± 0.10 | −1.973 | 0.048 |
| CVAI | 91.47 ± 47.07 | 99.32 ± 47.42 | 5.257 | 0.000 | 106.19 ± 42.77 | 108.05 ± 44.48 | 1.473 | 0.141 |
| TyG index | 8.61 ± 0.66 | 8.63 ± 0.66 | 0.935 | 0.350 | 8.71 ± 0.62 | 8.74 ± 0.64 | 1.847 | 0.065 |
| TyG-BMI | 195.12 ± 38.97 | 201.54 ± 39.11 | 5.212 | 0.000 | 208.31 ± 41.43 | 212.75 ± 42.35 | 3.649 | 0.000 |
| TyG-waist circumference | 724.47 ± 116.27 | 742.57 ± 118.14 | 4.886 | 0.000 | 745.65 ± 115.15 | 753.90 ± 117.45 | 2.445 | 0.015 |
| TyG-WHtR | 4.44 ± 0.68 | 4.52 ± 0.69 | 3.772 | 0.000 | 4.89 ± 0.75 | 4.92 ± 0.77 | 1.424 | 0.155 |
BMI, body mass index; WHtR, waist to height ratio; VAI, visceral adiposity index; ABSI, a body shape index; BRI, body roundness index; LAP, lipid accumulation product; CVAI, cardio-ankle vascular index; TyG, triglyceride and glucose index; TyG-BMI, TyG related to BMI; TyG-waist circumference, TyG related to waist circumference; TyG-WHtR, TyG related to WHtR.