Table 1.
Distribution of recipient characteristics by transplant era (transplants: January 1, 1992 − June 30, 2018)
| Jan 1992 – Dec 2000 (n = 37,616) | Jan 2001 – Dec 2009 (n = 33,588) | Jan 2010 – June 2018 (n = 36,830) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geographic Location: | ||||
| - Europe | 16,663 (44.3%) | 14,161 (42.2%) | 13,103 (35.6%) | <0.0001 |
| - North America | 19,119 (50.8%) | 17,186 (51.2%) | 20,265 (55.0%) | |
| - Other | 1,834 (4.9%) | 2,241 (6.7%) | 3,462 (9.4%) | |
| Age (years) | 54 (28–65) | 54 (25–66) | 55 (25–68) | <0.0001 |
| Male | 80.7% | 77.6% | 74.4% | <0.0001 |
| Weight (kg) | 75.7 (53.5–101.6) | 78.0 (54.0–106.1) | 80.0 (54.4–108.9) | <0.0001 |
| Height (cm) | 174.0 (157.0–188.0) | 174.0 (157.5–188.0) | 174.0 (157.5–188.0) | 0.0463 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.0 (19.1–32.4) | 25.7 (19.3–33.7) | 26.5 (19.6–34.6) | <0.0001 |
| Blood type: | ||||
| - A | 45.2% | 43.3% | 42% | <0.0001 |
| - AB | 5.2% | 5.3% | 5.8% | |
| - B | 12.2% | 13.1% | 14.1% | |
| - O | 37.4% | 38.2% | 38.1% | |
| PRA ≥ 20% | 5.2% | 10.0% | 17.9% | <0.0001 |
| PRA ≥ 80% | 0.9% | 2.3% | 3.6% | <0.0001 |
| CMV antibody positive | 67.7% | 64.0% | 59.6% | <0.0001 |
| EBV antibody positive | 85.0%1 | 85.6% | 87.1% | 0.0001 |
| Hep B antibody positive | 3.8%2 | 5.2% | 4.9% | <0.0001 |
| Hep C antibody positive | 2.5%2 | 2.1% | 1.9% | 0.0006 |
| Diabetes | 16.7%2 | 22.3% | 27.0% | <0.0001 |
| History of malignancy | 3.8%2 | 5.8% | 8.7% | <0.0001 |
| History of smoking | - | 48.9%3 | 45.0% | <0.0001 |
| Pre-transplant dialysis | 3.0%2 | 4.1% | 4.8% | <0.0001 |
| Previous cardiac surgery | 37.8%2 | 43.6% | 50.1% | <0.0001 |
| BiLirubin (mg/dL) | 0.8 (0.3–2.5)2 | 0.8 (0.3–3.1) | 0.7 (0.3–2.3) | <0.0001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.2 (0.7–2.2)2 | 1.2 (0.7–2.2) | 1.2 (0.7–2.2) | <0.0001 |
| GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) * | 72.0 (36.6–130.5)2 | 75.6 (36.9–143.6) | 77.8 (37.7–149.1) | <0.0001 |
| PCW mean (mmHg) | 20.0 (6.7–33.0)2 | 18.0 (6.0–32.0) | 17.0 (5.0–31.0) | <0.0001 |
| PA mean (mmHg) | 31.0 (14.0–50.0)2 | 28.0 (14.0–47.0) | 26.0 (13.0–45.0) | <0.0001 |
| PVR (Woods unit) | 2.2 (0.7–6.0)2 | 2.2 (0.6–5.6) | 2.1 (0.6–5.1) | <0.0001 |
| Inotrope use | 46.7%2 | 43.4% | 35.7% | <0.0001 |
| IABP use | 6.0% | 6.2% | 6.6% | 0.0672 |
| ECMO use | 0.2%4 | 0.7% | 1.1% | <0.0001 |
| Type of MCS use | ||||
| - None | - | 77.2% | 55.6% | <0.0001 |
| - VAD | - | 18.9% | 40.4% | |
| - TAH | - | 0.7% | 1.3% | |
| - BIVAD | - | 3.3% | 2.7% | |
| VentiLator use | 3.4% | 3.2% | 1.7% | <0.0001 |
| HospitaLized | 60.7% | 47.6% | 44.6% | <0.0001 |
BMI, body mass index; PRA, panel reactive antibody; CMV, cytomegalovirus; EBV, Epstein Barr virus; GFR, Glomerular Filtration Rate; PCW, pulmonary capillary wedge; PA, pulmonary artery pressure; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; MCS, mechanical circulatory support; VAD, ventricular assist device; TAH, total artificial heart.
Summary statistics excluded transplants with missing data
Continuous factors are expressed as median (5th − 95th percentiles)
Comparisons for categorical variables were made using the chi-square statistic
Comparisons for continuous variables were made using the Wilcoxon test
Based on October 1999 − December 2000 transplants
Based on April 1994 − December 2000 transplants
Based on July 2004 − December 2009 transplants
Based on April 1995 − December 2000 transplants
GFR was estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula