Table 3.
Delivery characteristics of singleton deliveries at Magee-Womens Hospital before and during the COVID-19 pandemic stratified according to ADI tertile (n=21,563)a
| Factor | Pre–COVID-19 regulations(January 1, 2018–January 31, 2020) | During COVID-19 pandemic (April 1, 2020–October 27, 2020) | P valueb |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADI tertile 1 (1–52) | |||
| n | 7034 | 2163 | |
| Self-reported race, n (%) Other White Black |
844 (12.0) 5923 (84.2) 267 (3.8) |
222 (10.3) 1865 (86.2) 76 (3.5) |
.066 |
| Insurance, n (%) Commercial Medicaid Medicare Self-pay and other |
5902 (83.9) 970 (13.8) 32 (0.5) 130 (1.8) |
1851 (85.6) 266 (12.3) 3 (0.1) 43 (2.0) |
.050 |
| Prenatal care, n (%) | 6850 (97.4) | 2114 (97.7) | .36 |
| Prenatal NST, n (%) | 1745 (24.8) | 558 (25.8) | .35 |
| Prenatal biophysical profile, n (%) | 1246 (17.7) | 313 (14.5) | <.001 |
| Last PNV with OPC clinic, n (%) | 309 (4.4) | 74 (3.4) | .048 |
| Cesarean delivery, n (%) | 2071 (29.4) | 653 (30.2) | .51 |
| Obstetrician, gynecologist, or midwife attending, n (%) | 6887 (97.9) | 2118 (97.9) | .98 |
| PTB (<37 wk), n (%) | 565 (8.0) | 170 (7.9) | .80 |
| EPTB (<34 wk), n (%) | 161 (2.3) | 46 (2.1) | .66 |
| VEPTB (<28 wk), n (%) | 40 (0.6) | 14 (0.6) | .68 |
| Indicated PTB, n (%) | 259 (3.7) | 88 (4.1) | .41 |
| Spontaneous PTB, n (%) | 306 (4.4) | 82 (3.8) | .26 |
| Overall inductions, n (%) | 2346 (33.4) | 829 (38.3) | <.001 |
| Preterm induction indication,c n (%) Preeclampsia Gestational HTN GDM FGR |
56 (21.6) 5 (1.9) 3 (1.2) 4 (1.5) |
18 (20.5) 3 (3.4) 1 (1.1) 0 (0.0) |
.82 .42 .99 .24 |
| ADI, mean (SD) | 31.8 (13.2) | 31.9 (13.3) | .67 |
| ADI teritile 2 (53–75) | |||
| n | 4442 | 1385 | |
| Self-reported race, n (%) Other White Black |
410 (9.2) 3401 (76.6) 631 (14.2) |
139 (10.0) 1075 (77.6) 171 (12.3) |
.17 |
| Insurance, n (%) Commercial Medicaid Medicare Self-pay and other |
2690 (60.6) 1603 (36.1) 41 (0.9) 108 (2.4) |
870 (62.8) 476 (34.4) 7 (0.5) 32 (2.3) |
.26 |
| Prenatal care, n (%) | 4252 (95.7) | 1329 (96.0) | .71 |
| Prenatal NST, n (%) | 905 (20.4) | 300 (21.7) | .30 |
| Prenatal biophysical profile, n (%) | 838 (18.9) | 208 (15.0) | .001 |
| Last PNV with OPC clinic, n (%) | 672 (15.1) | 160 (11.6) | <.001 |
| Cesarean delivery, n (%) | 1373 (30.9) | 408 (29.5) | .31 |
| Obstetrician, gynecologist or midwife attending, n (%) | 4290 (96.6) | 1349 (97.4) | .13 |
| PTB (<37 wk), n (%) | 532 (12.0) | 140 (10.1) | .057 |
| EPTB (<34 wk), n (%) | 166 (3.7) | 46 (3.3) | .47 |
| VEPTB (<28 wk), n (%) | 51 (1.1) | 7 (0.5) | .035 |
| Indicated PTB, n (%) | 277 (6.2) | 75 (5.4) | .26 |
| Spontaneous PTB, n (%) | 255 (5.7) | 65 (4.7) | .14 |
| Overall inductions, n (%) | 1584 (35.7) | 576 (41.6) | <.001 |
| Preterm induction indication,c n (%) Preeclampsia Gestational HTN GDM FGR |
71 (25.6) 9 (3.2) 3 (1.1) 10 (3.6) |
18 (24.0) 2 (2.7) 1 (1.3) 1 (1.3) |
.77 .80 .86 .31 |
| ADI, mean (SD) | 64.1 (6.7) | 63.9 (6.7) | .26 |
| ADI tertile 3 (75–100) | |||
| n | 5130 | 1409 | |
| Self-reported race, n (%) Other White Black |
382 (7.4) 2264 (44.1) 2484 (48.4) |
118 (8.4) 614 (43.6) 677 (48.0) |
.51 |
| Insurance, n (%) Commercial Medicaid Medicare Self-pay and other |
1500 (29.2) 3475 (67.7) 88 (1.7) 67 (1.3) |
435 (30.9) 928 (65.9) 25 (1.8) 21 (1.5) |
.60 |
| Prenatal care, n (%) | 4879 (95.1) | 1317 (93.5) | .015 |
| Prenatal NST, n (%) | 688 (13.4) | 206 (14.6) | .24 |
| Prenatal biophysical profile, n (%) | 1069 (20.8) | 249 (17.7) | .009 |
| Last PNV with OPC clinic, n (%) | 1858 (36.2) | 478 (33.9) | .11 |
| Cesarean delivery, n (%) | 1631 (31.8) | 411 (29.2) | .060 |
| Obstetrician, gynecologist, or midwife attending, n (%) | 4844 (94.4) | 1333 (94.6) | .79 |
| PTB (<37 wk), n (%) | 715 (13.9) | 187 (13.3) | .52 |
| EPTB (<34 wk), n (%) | 251 (4.9) | 59 (4.2) | .27 |
| VEPTB (<28 wk), n (%) | 68 (1.3) | 17 (1.2) | .73 |
| Indicated PTB, n (%) | 347 (6.8) | 83 (5.9) | .24 |
| Spontaneous PTB, n (%) | 368 (7.2) | 104 (7.4) | .79 |
| Overall inductions, n (%) | 1767 (34.4) | 523 (37.1) | .062 |
| Preterm induction indication,c n (%) Preeclampsia Gestational HTN GDM FGR |
95 (27.4) 5 (1.4) 5 (1.4) 7 (2.0) |
21 (25.3) 2 (2.4) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.2) |
.70 .53 .27 .62 |
| ADI, mean (SD) | 88.5 (7.2) | 88.6 (7.1) | .50 |
ADI, area deprivation index; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; EPTB, early preterm birth; FGR, fetal growth restriction; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; NST, nonstress test; OPC, outpatient care; PNV, prenatal visit; PTB, preterm birth; SD, standard deviation; VEPTB, very early preterm birth.
a
February and March were considered a washout period and excluded
b
Pearson chi-square or 2-sample t test as appropriate
c
Percentage of preterm inductions.
Lemon. Differential decreases in spontaneous preterm birth during coronavirus disease 2019. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2021.