. 2023 Jun 21;21:209. doi: 10.1186/s12916-023-02877-9

Table 3.

Strength of the association between any antidepressants medication receiving status and COVID-19 positive test result at when medication was mentioned 31 days, 62 days and 90 days for the first time before index hospital admission [Odds ratios (95% CI), P value]. Statistically significant association in bold

*Type of* *medicati* on	*Adjustments*	*31 days*	*62 days*	*90 days*
Any drug received	Unadjusted	0.52 (0.34, 0.81), <0.001	0.51 (0.35, 0.76), <0.001	0.53 (0.36, 0.77), <0.001
Adjusted for sociodemographic factors (gender, age, ethnicity)	0.55 (0.35, 0.86), 0.01	0.52 (0.35, 0.79), <0.001	0.54 (0.37, 0.80), <0.001
^aFurther adjusted for HoNoS symptoms and primary mental health diagnosis)	0.59 (0.36, 0.96), 0.03	0.61 (0.39, 0.95), 0.03	0.61 (0.39, 0.94), 0.02
SSRIs	Unadjusted	0.52 (0.30, 0.90), 0.02	0.50 (0.31, 0.8), <0.001	0.51 (0.32, 0.80), <0.001
Adjusted for sociodemographic factors (gender, age, ethnicity)	0.59 (0.34, 1.03), 0.06	0.53 (0.32, 0.87), 0.01	0.55 (0.34, 0.88), 0.01
^aFurther adjusted for HoNoS symptoms and primary mental health diagnosis)	0.59 (0.31, 1.12), 0.10	0.54 (0.30, 0.95), 0.03	0.57 (0.32, 0.95), 0.03
SNRIs	Unadjusted	0.16 (0.02, 1.14), 0.07	0.25 (0.06, 1.02), 0.05	0.35 (0.11, 1.11), 0.07
Adjusted for sociodemographic factors (gender, age, ethnicity)	0.16 (0.02, 1.12), 0.07	0.25 (0.06, 1.02), 0.05	0.35 (0.11, 1.11), 0.08
^aFurther adjusted for HoNoS symptoms and primary mental health diagnosis)	0.23 (0.03, 1.66), 0.15	0.38 (0.09, 1.37), 0.10	0.53 (0.16, 1.63), 0.24
Mirtazapine	Unadjusted	0.73 (0.38, 1.39), 0.34	0.65 (0.36, 1.18), 0.16	0.66 (0.37, 1.16), 0.15
Adjusted for sociodemographic factors (gender, age, ethnicity)	0.71 (0.37, 1.38), 0.32	0.64 (0.35, 1.16), 0.14	0.65 (0.36, 1.15), 0.14
^aFurther adjusted for HoNoS symptoms and primary mental health diagnosis)	1.01 (0.51, 2.01), 0.97	0.94 (0.50, 1.57), 0.64	0.97 (0.52, 1.77), 0.91

Type of
medicati
on

Adjustments

31 days

62 days

90 days

Any drug

received

Unadjusted

0.52 (0.34, 0.81),

<0.001

0.51 (0.35, 0.76),

<0.001

0.53 (0.36, 0.77),

<0.001

Adjusted for

sociodemographic factors

(gender, age, ethnicity)

0.55 (0.35, 0.86),

0.01

0.52 (0.35, 0.79),

<0.001

0.54 (0.37, 0.80),

<0.001

^aFurther adjusted for HoNoS

symptoms and primary

mental health diagnosis)

0.59 (0.36, 0.96),

0.03

0.61 (0.39, 0.95),

0.03

0.61 (0.39, 0.94),

0.02

SSRIs

Unadjusted

0.52 (0.30, 0.90),

0.02

0.50 (0.31, 0.8),

<0.001

0.51 (0.32, 0.80),

<0.001

Adjusted for

sociodemographic factors

(gender, age, ethnicity)

0.59 (0.34, 1.03),

0.06

0.53 (0.32, 0.87),

0.01

0.55 (0.34, 0.88),

0.01

^aFurther adjusted for HoNoS

symptoms and primary

mental health diagnosis)

0.59 (0.31, 1.12),

0.10

0.54 (0.30, 0.95),

0.03

0.57 (0.32, 0.95),

0.03

SNRIs

Unadjusted

0.16 (0.02, 1.14),

0.07

0.25 (0.06, 1.02),

0.05

0.35 (0.11, 1.11),

0.07

Adjusted for

sociodemographic factors

(gender, age, ethnicity)

0.16 (0.02, 1.12),

0.07

0.25 (0.06, 1.02),

0.05

0.35 (0.11, 1.11),

0.08

^aFurther adjusted for HoNoS

symptoms and primary

mental health diagnosis)

0.23 (0.03, 1.66),

0.15

0.38 (0.09, 1.37),

0.10

0.53 (0.16, 1.63),

0.24

Mirtazapine

Unadjusted

0.73 (0.38, 1.39),

0.34

0.65 (0.36, 1.18),

0.16

0.66 (0.37, 1.16),

0.15

Adjusted for

sociodemographic factors

(gender, age, ethnicity)

0.71 (0.37, 1.38),

0.32

0.64 (0.35, 1.16),

0.14

0.65 (0.36, 1.15),

0.14

^aFurther adjusted for HoNoS

symptoms and primary

mental health diagnosis)

1.01 (0.51, 2.01),

0.97

0.94 (0.50, 1.57),

0.64

0.97 (0.52, 1.77),

0.91

[Odds ratios (95% CI), P value]. Statistically significant association in bold

^aAdjusted for all significant HoNoS subscale and primary mental health diagnosis variables in the Table 1 (F01-F09: Mental disorders due to known physiological conditions, F30-F39: Mood [affective] disorders, Agitation problems, Self-injury problems, Cognitive problems, Physical illness problems, Hallucination problems, Depressed problems, Daily living Problems