. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Acad Pediatr. 2022 Apr 1;22(8):1422–1428. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2022.03.019

Table 3.

Adjusted Rate Ratios of Yearly Well-child Visit with Parent Preventive Care, Stratified by Child Age at Observation Period Start (2015–2018)

	Child Age Strata

	3–7 years Adjusted^† Rate Ratio (95% CI)	8–11 years Adjusted^† Rate Ratio (95% CI)	12–17 years Adjusted^† Rate Ratio (95% CI)

Mother only sample
Mother received preventive care^*	1.04 (1.02, 1.07)	1.06 (1.03,1.10)	1.07 (1.04, 1.10)
Father only sample
Father received preventive care^*	1.09 (1.05, 1.14)	1.04 (0.99, 1.10)	1.08 (1.04, 1.14)
Two parent sample
One parent received preventive care^*	1.05 (0.99, 1.11)	1.05 (0.99, 1.11)	1.10 (1.02, 1.17)
Both parents received preventive care^*	1.06 (0.97, 1.15)	1.13 (1.01, 1.26)	1.17 (1.05, 1.30)

Well-child visits and parent preventive care visits were identified through the combination of provider type (MD, DO, NP, PA) and CPT codes (for children: 99381–99387, 99391–99397, G0438, G0439; for parents: 99385–7, 99395–7).

^†

Adjusted for child’s age, health insurance, U.S. region, and parent covariates for age, race and ethnicity, language, poverty level, insurance type, and number of chronic conditions. Statistically significant P-value < .05 in bold.