Fig. 1.

Experimental setup (A) and experimental procedure (B) for the ownership judgment task. A participant’s real right hand was hidden under a table while they saw a life-sized cosmetic prosthetic right hand (rubber hand) on this table, and two vibrators were strapped on the participant’s right arm near the elbow over the biceps and triceps muscle tendons. Using this electromechanical vibratory apparatus, two proprioceptive noise conditions were tested: no noise (vibrators off) and noise (vibrators on, 20 Hz). Five different locations (red stars) were stimulated in a pseudorandomized order on the participant's and the rubber hand's index fingers (A). In each trial, the rubber hand and the real hand were touched six times for periods of 12 sec, either synchronously or with the rubber hand touched slightly earlier or later at a degree of asynchrony that was systematically manipulated (±150 ms, ±300 ms or ± 500 ms). The participant was then required to answer, in a yes/no form, whether the rubber hand felt like their own hand (B).