Table 1.
Baseline Demographics
| Characteristic | Preintervention (n = 62) |
Matched Postintervention (n = 62) |
All Postintervention (n = 102) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 58.5 (47–67) | 57.5 (44–68) | 56 (44–67) |
| <50 | 19 (30.65) | 19 (30.65) | 37 (36.27) |
| 50–59 | 17 (27.42) | 17 (27.42) | 20 (19.61) |
| 60–69 | 14 (22.58) | 14 (22.58) | 26 (25.49) |
| 70–79 | 9 (14.52) | 9 (14.52) | 12 (11.76) |
| ≥80 | 3 (4.84) | 3 (4.84) | 7 (6.86) |
| Female sex | 20 (32.26) | 20 (32.26) | 51 (50.00) |
| Patient-reported race | |||
| White | 49 (79.03) | 41 (66.13) | 66 (64.71) |
| Black | 5 (8.06) | 5 (8.06) | 14 (13.73) |
| American Indian | 1 (1.61) | 1 (1.61) | 2 (1.96) |
| Not reported | 7 (11.29) | 15 (24.19) | 20 (19.61) |
| BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR) | 31.2 (27.00–37.2) | 31.05 (24.80–36.40) | 32.9 (24.9–38.9) |
| Admitted from location | |||
| Home | 4 (6.45) | 4 (6.45) | 12 (11.76) |
| SNF/LTAC | 3 (4.84) | 1 (1.61) | 1 (0.98) |
| Referring acute care facility | 55 (88.71) | 57 (91.94) | 89 (87.25) |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL, median (IQR) | |||
| Day 1 | 1.1 (0.8–1.8) | 1.1 (0.9–1.6) | 1.0 (0.8–1.6) |
| Day 2 | 0.9 (0.7–1.6) | 0.9 (0.7–1.5) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) |
| Day 3 | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 0.8 (0.7–1.2) | 0.8 (0.7–1.2) |
| Day 5 | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) |
| Day 7 | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) |
| Admission requiring ICU stay | 48 (77.42) | 48 (77.42) | 73 (71.57) |
| CCI score, median (IQR) | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) |
| SOFA score, median (IQR) | 3 (1–7) | 4 (1–7) | 3 (1–6) |
| 0–9 | 52 (83.87) | 53 (85.48) | 91 (89.22) |
| 10–14 | 10 (16.13) | 9 (14.52) | 11 (10.78) |
| History of immunosuppression | 4 (6.45) | 5 (8.06) | 15 (14.71) |
| NSTI related to traumatic event | 16 (25.81) | 8 (12.90) | 12 (11.76) |
| History of chronic wound | 13 (20.97) | 12 (19.35) | 22 (21.57) |
| Prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus | 31 (50.00) | 30 (48.39) | 55 (53.92) |
| WBC count at time of admission, cells/L, median (IQR) | 18.3 (12.7–23.7) | 16.9 (13.6–20.4) | 17.9 (13.8–22.4) |
| Platelet count at time of admission, cells/L, median (IQR) | 261.5 (196.0–365.0) | 277.0 (184.0–383.0) | 283.5 (196.0–390.0) |
| Vasopressor utilization at time of admission | 24 (38.71) | 24 (38.71) | 31 (30.39) |
| Fentanyl continuous infusion at time of admission | 30 (48.39) | 6 (9.68)a | 10 (9.80) |
| Patients on serotonergic agentsb | 14 (22.58) | 19 (30.65) | 30 (29.41) |
Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated. Groups were matched by age, age category, serum creatinine baseline score, SOFA score, vasopressor utilization, female sex, BMI, admit from location, CCI, ICU admission, history of immunosuppression, history of chronic wound, WBC count at time of admission, and platelet count at admission. All matched characteristics have standardized difference <0.2 and 2-sample P > .05. Some characteristics that were not used in matching have 2-sample P values as noted below.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; NSTI, necrotizing soft tissue infection; SNF/LTAC, skilled nursing facility/long-term acute care; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; WBC, white blood cell.
Matched P < .01. Cross-match test estimate for Upsilon = 0.5484 (P = .8304).
Includes patients on 1 or more serotonergic agents (ie, any use) at time of admission. Refer to Supplementary Table 1 for further breakdown of utilization of serotonergic agents.