Skip to main content
. 2023 Jun 21;131(6):067010. doi: 10.1289/EHP12034

Figure 10.

Figure 10 is a schematic flowchart with seven steps. Step 1: MC-LR with organic anion transporting polypeptide leads to P P 1. Step 2: F S H with F S H R leads to P P 1. Step 3: P P 1 leads to I R S 1. Step 4: IG F 1 with I G F 1 R leads to I R S 1. Step 5: I R S 1 and 740-YP lead to P I 3 K. Step 6: P I 3 K leads to A K T. Step 7: A K T leads to F O X O 1. At the bottom, two illustrations of cells titled Maturation and Ovulation are displayed. The Maturation cell with the L H surge leads to ovulation.

The proposed molecular mechanism by which MC-LR interferes with PP1-mediated PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling in follicular granulosa cells to disrupt gonadotropin-dependent follicle maturation and ovulation. Note: 740-YP, a potent PI3K activator; AKT, serine/threonine kinase 1; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; FSHR, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor; IGF1, insulin-like growth factor 1; IGF1R, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor; IRS1, insulin receptor substrate 1; LH, luteinizing hormone; MC-LR, microcystin-LR; OATP, organic anion transporting polypeptide (shown to regulate the cellular uptake of MC-LR); PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PP1, protein phosphatase 1.