Skip to main content
. 2023 Jun 21;131(6):067010. doi: 10.1289/EHP12034

Figure 9.

Figures 9A and 9B are line graphs titled P P 1 activity assay and P P 2 A activity assay, plotting DiFMU (picomoles), ranging from 0 to 100 in increments of 20 and 0 to 120 in increments of 20 (y-axis) across minutes, ranging from 20 to 100 in increments of 40 (x-axis) for Control and MC-LR, respectively. Figure 9C is a set of one western blot and one bar graph. The western blot displays two columns, namely, Control and MC-LR and three rows, namely, MC-LR, pFOXO1 and lowercase beta-actin. The bar graph, plotting Relative expression of pFOXO1, ranging from 0 to 2 in increments of 0.5 (y-axis) across Control and MC-LR (x-axis). Figure 9D is a set of eight bar graphs titled Lhcgr, Fshr, Pappa, Cyp19a1, Comp, Inha, Inhba, and Inhbb, plotting Relative expression, ranging from 2.5 to 4.5 in increments of 0.5; 0 to 5 in unit increments; 0 to 15 in increments of 5; 0 to 25 in increments of 5; 0.0 to 2.0 in increments of 0.5; 4 to 8 in unit increments; 0, 2 times 10 begin superscript 5 end superscript, 4 times 10 begin superscript 5 end superscript, 6 times 10 begin superscript 5 end superscript, 8 times 10 begin superscript 5 end superscript, and 1 times 10 begin superscript 5 end superscript; and 0.0 to 2.5 in increments of 0.5 (y-axis) across Control and MC-LR (x-axis), respectively.

Effects of MC-LR on the PP1-mediated activation of PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling and the expression of follicle maturation-related genes in human primary granulosa cells. A time course assessment of (A) PP1 and (B) PP2A phosphatase activities in vehicle- or 10μM MC-LR–treated human primary granulosa cells. Three independent replicates included. (C) Western blotting analysis of MC-LR and phosphorylated FOXO1 in human primary granulosa cells treated with vehicle or 10μM MC-LR. Three independent replicates were included. (D) Expression of follicle maturation-related genes in vehicle- or 10μM MC-LR–treated human primary granulosa cells. The mRNA expression levels of each gene were normalized by the expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh). Three independent replicates were included. N=3 for each group. Data were analyzed with Student’s t-test (A–D). Bidirectional error bars represent mean±standard deviation; *p<0.05 and **p<0.01. Data in (A–D) are also presented in Tables S40–S43, respectively. Note: DiFMU, 6,8-difluoro-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (reference standard); MC-LR, microcystin-LR; PP1, protein phosphatase 1; PP2A, protein phosphatase 2A.