Table 5.

Average changes in the share of wage employees by group (percentage points).

Women	−0.03
Men	−0.02
Young	−0.08
Adult	−0.02
Low educated	−0.03
High educated	−0.03
Urban	−0.02
Rural	−0.03

Source: Authors’ calculations based on the HFPS.

Notes: The table presents statistics using Wave 1 of the HFPS. Calculations use HFPS retrospective data as pre-COVID information. The table shows the average change in the share of wage employment, which includes seasonal/temporary employment, in total employment by group.