Table 12.

Net employment changes and gross flows by sampling frame and groups, simple averages, wave 1 of survey.

	% change in employed people	Rate of work stoppage	Rate of work starting
Panel A: RDD
Women	−49%	50%	8%
Men	−35%	37%	23%
Young	−44%	47%	16%
Adults	−41%	42%	10%
Low educated	−48%	50%	9%
High educated	−39%	41%	12%
Urban	−39%	40%	11%
Rural	−39%	41%	13%
Panel B: Based on previous surveys
Women	−25%	26%	10%
Men	−22%	23%	18%
Young	−25%	27%	13%
Adults	−23%	24%	14%
Low educated	−23%	25%	13%
High educated	−23%	24%	14%
Urban	−25%	25%	7%
Rural	−19%	21%	21%

Source: Authors’ calculations based on the HFPS.