Table 5.
Risk of vitamin D deficiency† in Mexican children aged 1–11 years, Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012 (ENSANUT-2012)
| Pre-school children (1–4 years) | School-age children (5–11 years) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | |
| Age (years) | |||||
| 1–2 | 1·00 | Ref. | 5–8 | 1·00 | Ref. |
| 3–4 | 1·24 | 0·40, 3·87 | 9–11 | 1·76* | 1·20, 2·57 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | |
| Female | 1·09 | 0·61, 1·93 | 1·63* | 1·12, 2·39 | |
| BMI | |||||
| Normal | 1·00 | Ref. | Normal | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Overweight | 1·08 | 0·40, 2·96 | Overweight/obesity | 2·23* | 1·36, 3·66 |
| Area | |||||
| Urban | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | |
| Rural | 1·35 | 0·76, 2·38 | 0·83 | 0·53, 1·29 | |
| Region | |||||
| North | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | |
| Central | 0·81 | 0·37, 1·79 | 2·18* | 1·31, 3·63 | |
| Mexico City | 1·21 | 0·37, 3·42 | 1·57 | 0·81, 3·06 | |
| South | 0·65 | 0·32, 1·34 | 1·09 | 0·65, 1·80 | |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Indigenous | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | |
| Non-indigenous | 0·93 | 0·54, 1·62 | 0·45* | 0·22, 0·92 | |
| Socio-economic status | |||||
| Low | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | |
| Medium | 1·45 | 0·73, 2·66 | 1·08 | 0·67, 1·74 | |
| High | 1·18 | 0·49, 2·81 | 1·62* | 0·98, 2·67 | |
| Energy (kcal/d) | 1·00 | 0·99, 1·00 | 0·99 | 0·99, 1·00 | |
| Vitamin D intake (IU/d) | 1·00 | 0·99, 1·00 | 0·99 | 0·99, 1·00 | |
Logistic regression model adjusted by BMI Z-score, age, gender, area, region, ethnicity, socio-economic status, energy and vitamin D intake (Ref., reference category)
*P<0·05.
†
Vitamin D deficiency: serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D<50 nmol/l (<20 ng/ml).