Table 2.
Potential targets involved in ferroptosis in relation to anthracycline-based chemoresistance.
| Tumour type | Agent type | Sample type | Target | Mechanism/effect | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Triple-negative breast cancer | Doxorubicin | In vitro (MDA-MB-231 cells) | Isoliquiritin | Upregulation of isoliquiritin to induce ferroptosis and attenuate chemoresistance | [66] |
| Triple-negative breast cancer | Doxorubicin | In vivo (mice) | Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase | Downregulation of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase to reduce glutathione and attenuate chemoresistance | [67] |
| Triple-negative breast cancer | Doxorubicin | In vitro (MDA-MB-231 cells) | Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase | Downregulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to reduce glutathione and attenuate chemoresistance | [68] |
| Acute myeloid leukaemia | Doxorubicin | In vitro (HL-60 cells) | p38α | Upregulation of p38α to induce ferroptosis and attenuate chemoresistance | [78] |
| Acute myeloid leukaemia | Daunorubicin | In vivo (mice) | Cystine | Downregulation of cystine to induce ferroptosis and attenuate chemoresistance | [79] |
| Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma | Doxorubicin | In vitro (a panel of 16 cell lines) | Ironomycin | Upregulation of ironomycin to induce ferroptosis and attenuate chemoresistance | [80] |
| Multiple myeloma | Doxorubicin | In vitro (H929 and RPMI-8226 cells) | Erastin | Upregulation of erastin to induce ferroptosis and attenuate chemoresistance | [81] |
| Uterine sarcoma | Doxorubicin | In vitro (MES-SA and FU-MMT-1 cells) | HSF1 | Downregulation of HSF1 to induce ferroptosis and attenuate chemoresistance | [85] |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma | Doxorubicin | In vitro (U57810 and C2C12 cells) | ERK pathway | Upregulation of ERK pathway to induce ferroptosis and attenuate chemoresistance | [86] |
| Ovarian sarcoma | Doxorubicin | In vivo (mice) | Theanine | Upregulation of theanine to induce lipid peroxidation and attenuate chemoresistance | [89] |
| Osteosarcoma | Doxorubicin | Human tumour tissues | CBS, SOCS and EGFR | Downregulation of CBS and Upregulation of SOCS1 and EGFR to induce ferroptosis and attenuate chemoresistance | [103] |
| Cervical cancer | Doxorubicin | In vitro (HeLa and KB-V1 cells) | GSTM1 and GSTA1-3 | Downregulation of GSTM1 and GSTA1-3 to reduce glutathione and attenuate chemoresistance | [97] |
| Ovarian cancer | Doxorubicin | In vitro (OV90 and SKOV3 cells) | Glutathione | Downregulation of glutathione to elevate reactive oxygen species and attenuate chemoresistance | [98, 99] |
| Drug-resistant cell line | Doxorubicin | In vitro (doxorubicin-resistant MES-SA/Dx5 sarcoma cells) | Glutathione | Downregulation of glutathione to elevate reactive oxygen species and attenuate chemoresistance | [106] |
| Drug-resistant cell line | Doxorubicin | In vitro (multidrug-resistant K562/ADM leukaemia cells) | AKT/mTOR pathway | Downregulation of AKT/mTOR pathway to induce ferroptosis and attenuate chemoresistance | [107] |