Table 3.
Determinants for being actively engaged in life (BAEL score) categorised by cohorts combined (all) and separately (1989, 1999, 2009, 2019)
| Cohorts | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (N = 6054) | 1989 (n = 552) | 1999 (n = 2396) | 2009 (n = 1492) | 2019 (n = 1614) | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Age group, years | |||||
| 75 | 1.00 (ref)*** | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref)*** | 1.00 (ref)*** | 1.00 (ref)*** |
| 80 | 0.82 (0.71–0.94) | 0.94 (0.62–1.42) | 0.81 (0.65–1.02) | 0.82 (0.61–1.11) | 0.67 (0.50–0.91) |
| 85 | 0.52 (0.45–0.61) | 0.71 (0.43–1.17) | 0.51 (0.40–0.64) | 0.46 (0.34–0.64) | 0.44 (0.32–0.60) |
| 90 and 95 | 0.43 (0.37–0.51) | NA | 0.39 (0.30–0.52) | 0.45 (0.32–0.62) | 0.33 (0.24–0.46) |
| Sex, male | 1.42 (1.26–1.59)*** | 0.99 (0.65–1.51) | 1.55 (1.28–1.89)*** | 1.40 (1.11–1.77)** | 1.35 (1.08–1.67)** |
| Widowed | 0.72 (0.64–0.81)*** | 0.68 (0.46–1.01) | 0.76 (0.64–0.91)** | 0.75 (0.59–0.94)* | 0.70 (0.56–0.88)** |
| Education < 8 years | 0.75 (0.68–0.84)*** | 1.10 (0.73–1.66) | 0.79 (0.67–0.94)** | 0.90 (0.72–1.12) | 0.74 (0.59–0.93)** |
| CCIa | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 1.02 (0.88–1.18) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 1.01 (0.95–1.08) | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) |
| Able to easily walk outdoors | 1.42 (1.23–1.63)*** | 1.20 (0.75–1.94) | 1.18 (0.95–1.47) | 1.55 (1.18–2.05)** | 1.73 (1.32–2.27)*** |
| Needs daily help | 0.89 (0.76–1.04) | 1.26 (0.69–2.28) | 0.84 (0.65–1.09) | 0.88 (0.66–1.19) | 0.88 (0.64–1.20) |
| Self-rated health good | 2.12 (1.83–2.45)*** | 1.98 (1.24–3.18)** | 1.95 (1.54–2.47)*** | 2.10 (1.58–2.79)*** | 2.26 (1.68–3.06)*** |
| Suffering from loneliness constantly | 0.24 (0.18–0.33)*** | 0.29 (0.09–0.92)* | 0.28 (0.18–0.43)*** | 0.25 (0.13–0.51) *** | 0.17 (0.09–0.31) *** |
| Meeting friends regularly | 1.89 (1.69–2.12)*** | 2.18 (1.41–3.38)*** | 1.82 (1.52–2.19)*** | 2.18 (1.74–2.72) *** | 1.82 (1.47–2.26) *** |
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (Age groups’ p-values indicate linearity)
aCharlson Comorbidity Index [17]