TABLE 2.
Structural and functional echocardiographic data (28 weeks).
| Parameters | Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C (n = 7) | C-EX (n = 7) | AS (n = 8) | AS-EX (n = 8) | |
| HR (bpm) | 287 ± 30.67 | 300 ± 34.07 | 327 ± 28 | 311 ± 27 |
| LVDD/BW (mg/kg) | 15.33 ± 1.39 | 14.91 ± 1.59 | 17.95 ± 1.05* | 14.95 ± 1.55# |
| PWT (mm) | 1.66 ± 0.13 | 1.66 ± 0.13 | 2.96 ± 0.20* | 2.88 ± 0.21 |
| LA/BW (mg/Kg) | 9.18 ± 0.99 | 9.62 ± 1.50 | 19.50 ± 1.02* | 17.18 ± 2.55 # |
| LVM (g/kg) | 1.06 ± 0.24 | 0.94 ± 0.10 | 2.24 ± 0.19* | 2.18 ± 0.37 |
| RWT (mm) | 0.40 ± 0.03 | 0.43 ± 0.02 | 0.77 ± 0.09* | 0.64 ± 0.10# |
| RWT/LVM | 0.21 ± 0.05 | 0.23 ± 0.01 | 0.15 ± 0.03* | 0.12 ± 0.02 |
| MFS % | 55.78 ± 3.10 | 57.15 ± 5.86 | 46.91 ± 4.70* | 53.75 ± 3.79# |
| PWSS (mm/s) | 58.57 ± 4.76 | 65.00 ± 8.02† | 39.63 ± 6.14* | 57.13 ± 4.29 # |
| Tei index | 0.40 ± 0.16 | 0.31 ± 0.09 | 0.40 ± 0.25 | 0.19 ± 0.07 |
| TDI S’ (average mm/s) | 5.61 ± 0.40 | 5.94 ± 0.36 | 3.67 ± 0.31* | 4.41 ± 0.23# |
| E/A | 1.41 ± 0.26 | 1.52 ± 0.09 | 5.08 ± 1.98* | 4.92 ± 2.41 |
| TDI E’ (average mm/s) | 6.64 ± 0.92 | 6.47 ± 0.73 | 6.15 ± 1.23 | 6.03 ± 1.26 |
| TDI A’ (average mm/s) | 4.5 ± 0.58 | 4.8 ± 1.6 | 5.1 ± 2.11 | 3.7 ± 1.33 |
| E/TDI E′ | 11.46 ± 1.24 | 13.91 ± 2.5 | 21.21 ± 7.2* | 24.71 ± 4.3 |
Data are mean ± standard deviation. Groups: C (control); AS (control aortic stenosis); C-Ex (control physical exercise); AS-Ex (aortic stenosis physical exercise). *p < 0.05 vs. C; #p < 0.05 vs. AS. HR: heart rate; LVDD: left ventricular (LV) diastolic diameter; BW: body weight; LA: left atrial diameter; PWT: LV, posterior wall thickness; RWT: relative wall thickness; LVM: LV, mass; MFS%: mid-wall fractional shortening; PWSS: posterior wall shortening speed; Tei index; TDI S′ tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) of mitral annulus systolic velocity; E/A ratio between early (E)-to-late (A) diastolic mitral inflow. TDI E′, TDI, of early diastolic velocity of mitral annulus; TDI A′, TDI, of end diastolic velocity of mitral annulus; E/E′, E wave to TDI E′ ratio. ANOVA, two way with Tukey post hoc.