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. 2023 Jun 8;14:1185744. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1185744

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Copyright © 2023 Pan, Karey, Nieves-Cintron, Chen, Hwang, Hammock, Pinkerton and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Heart rate variability (HRV) and BP regulation over the 16 weeks of study. SHS-exposed mice had significantly lower short-term (A1) and overall (A2) HRV during dark cycles. Four weeks after the cessation of SHS exposure, there was no difference in HRV between the FA- and SHS-exposed groups. (B). Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was reduced in the SHS-exposed group only during the first dark cycle. (C). There was no significant SHS exposure effect on SBP variability. RMSSD, root mean square of successive differences; SDNN, standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals; SBP-SD, standard deviation of SBP. Significant main effects from two-way repeated ANOVA tests are indicated with “+”. *p < 0.05, FA vs. SHS. Numbers in parentheses indicate sample sizes.