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. 2023 Jun 8;14:1185744. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1185744

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Copyright © 2023 Pan, Karey, Nieves-Cintron, Chen, Hwang, Hammock, Pinkerton and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Summary of SHS exposure effects. Data points are SHS readouts expressed as Δ% of their respective FA controls. SHS’s effects on RMSSD and PP had a faster onset with maximum effect at week 4. SDNN and BRS decreased over time with maximum reduction at week 12. BP was modestly increased at week 4, followed by a modest decrease at week 12. The activity levels were higher in the SHS exposed group. Changes in cardiovascular parameters showed recovery 4 weeks after cessation of SHS. Oral TPPU treatment during prevented SHS-induced cardiovascular consequences but not activity level.