Table 4.
List of Cannabis sativa studies reporting stable transformation.
| Type of explant | Method | Genotype | Transformation | Gene of interest | Regeneration | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypocotyl | Agrobacterium rhizogenes | CAN0111 (drug) CAN0221 (drug) Futura77 (hemp) Delta105 (hemp) Delta-llosa (hemp) |
Stable (Hairy roots) |
rol genes | No | Wahby et al., 2013; Wahby et al., 2017 |
| Seedlings | Agrobacterium tumefaciens | CAN0111 (drug) CAN0221 (drug) Futura77 (hemp) Delta105 (hemp) Delta-llosa (hemp) |
Tumor induction | Wild type A. tumefaciens | No | Wahby et al., 2013 |
| Suspension culture based on stem and leaf from seedlings | A. tumefaciens | Anka (hemp) | Stable | pNOV3635 containing PMI | No | Feeney and Punja, 2003 |
| Shoot tip | A. tumefaciens | Felina 34 (hemp) Fedora 19 (hemp) |
Stable | PGIP | Yes | MacKinnon et al., 2001 |
| Hypocotyl | A. tumefaciens | Medical Cannabis | Stable | Fluorescent expressed proteins |
Yes | Sirkowski, 2012 |
| Hypocotyl Cotyledon Meristem |
A. tumefaciens | Futura75 (hemp) Ferimon (hemp) USO31 (hemp) USO31 (hemp) USO31 (hemp) |
Stable | pBIN19 with uidA (GUS) | Yes, direct regeneration | Galán-Ávila et al., 2021b |
| Immature embryo hypocotyls | A. tumefaciens | DMG278 (hemp) | Stable | pG41sg with CsGRF3-CsDIF chimera and CRISPR/Cas9 guide |
Yes | Zhang et al., 2021 |