Table 2.
Hazard ratios of variables associated with neonatal death in term live births (São Paulo State, Brazil, 2004–2013).
| Crude analysis | Multiple analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p-value* | HR (95% CI) | p-value* | ||
| Maternal characteristics | |||||
| Prenatal visits | No | 3.93 (3.40–4.58) | <0.001 | 2.52 (2.15–2.97) | <0.001 |
| 1–3 | 2.25 (2.02–2.49) | <0.001 | 1.69 (1.51–1.89) | <0.001 | |
| 4–6 | 1.48 (1.39–1.57) | <0.001 | 1.18 (1.11–1.27) | <0.001 | |
| ≥7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Cesarean section | Yes | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 0.584 | — | — |
| No | 1.00 | — | — | ||
| Age (years) | <20 | 1.35 (1.27–1.44) | <0.001 | 1.09 (1.01–1.17) | 0.030 |
| ≥35 | 1.14 (1.06–1.23) | 0.001 | 1.04 (0.96–1.13) | 0.375 | |
| 20–34 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Education (years) | <8 | 2.58 (2.36–2.81) | <0.001 | 1.71 (1.55–1.88) | <0.001 |
| 8–11 | 1.66 (1.52–1.80) | <0.001 | 1.30 (1.18–1.42) | <0.001 | |
| ≥12 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Married | No | 1.42 (1.35–1.49) | <0.001 | 1.12 (1.06–1.19) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Multiparity | Yes | 1.09 (1.04–1.15) | 0.001 | 1.15 (1.09–1.23) | <0.001 |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Infant's characteristics | |||||
| Birth weight | VSGA | 6.19 (5.69–6.73) | <0.001 | 4.25 (3.89–4.65) | <0.001 |
| Adequacy | VLGA | 1.26 (1.09–1.45) | 0.002 | 0.99 (0.85–1.16) | 0.948 |
| NGA | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Sex | Male | 1.31 (1.24–1.38) | <0.001 | 1.21 (1.15–1.28) | <0.001 |
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 1st minute Apgar | <7 | 17.34 (16.49–18.24) | <0.001 | 15.72 (14.90–16.59) | <0.001 |
| ≥7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
VSGA, very small for gestational age; NGA, normal for gestational age; VLGA, very large for gestational age; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.
*
Cox regression.
Multiple model: adjusted for year of birth (n = 4,742,402).