Table 2.

Internet-delivered dialectical behavioral therapy skills training for chronic pain (iDBT-Pain) intervention protocol.

Week	iDBT-Pain session content (via Zoom [Zoom Video Communications])	iDBT-Pain app content
1	Introductory session: meet the skills trainers and the group; intervention overview; and association between chronic pain, the brain, and emotions	N/Aa
2	Session 1—mindfulness 1: rationale for mindfulness for chronic pain and skills of wise mind and mindfulness whats	Introduction to mindfulness; Wise mind; 3 mindfulness whats skills (observe, describe, and participate); and watching the video about the association between chronic pain, emotions, and the brain
3	Session 2—mindfulness 2: mindfulness how skills to practice mindfulness with skillful effectiveness	Mindfulness how skills (nonjudgmentally, one mindfully and effectively)
4	Session 3—emotion regulation 1: how to identify and label emotions as a function for emotion regulation	Introduction to emotion regulation and understanding and naming emotions
5	Session 4—emotion regulation 2: skills to reduce the frequency and quantity of unwanted emotions	Handling unwanted emotions
6	Session 5—emotion regulation 3: skills to build future resilience against intense emotion	Building mastery and coping ahead
7	Session 6—distress tolerance: skills that help weather crises and intense negative emotions	Distress tolerance skills: TIPb and distract
8	Concluding session: recap the skills learned and the association between chronic pain and difficulties with emotions	Train daily in all skills for mindfulness, emotion regulation, and distress tolerance
9	No session	Train daily in all skills for mindfulness, emotion regulation, and distress tolerance

^aN/A: not applicable.

^bTIP: temperature of face, intense exercise, and paced breathing.