TABLE 3.
Cumulative Level of Women’s Experiences of Supportive and Respectful Maternity Carea
| Characteristics | Baseline, Mean (SE) (n=313) | Endline, Mean (SE) (n=314) | Relative Change, % | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supportive and respectful maternity care (score range: 0–100) | ||||
| Composite mean score for mistreatment | 29.2 (2.1) | 14.6 (0.9) | 50.0 | <.001 |
| Respectful care (score range: 0–100) | ||||
| Physical abuse | 6.8 (0.7) | 1.7 (0.7) | 75.0 | .001 |
| Verbal abuse | 10.2 (1.0) | 2.9 (1.0) | 71.6 | .001 |
| Sexual abuse | 1.0 (0.2) | - | 100.0 | NC |
| Lack of professional standards | 30.7 (2.0) | 25.4 (1.2) | 17.3 | .06 |
| Ineffective communication | 38.3 (4.4) | 15.3 (2.1) | 60.1 | .002 |
| Nonconfidential care | 62.6 (5.1) | 14.1 (2.4) | 77.5 | <.001 |
| Health system culture and constraints | 69.4 (4.4) | 51.9 (1.9) | 25.2 | .01 |
| Inclusive care (score range: 0–100) | ||||
| Noninclusive care | 23.7 (0.7) | 17.1 (1.5) | 27.8 | .007 |
| Stigma and discrimination | 2.2 (0.7) | 0.4 (0.1) | 81.8 | .044 |
| Overall mean score for mistreatment among women with 1 or more disabilitiesb | 30.8 (1.7) | 16.3 (1.1) | 47.1 | <.001 |
| Supportive care (score range: 0–100) | ||||
| Lack of supportive care | 41.2 (3.9) | 19.6 (2.5) | 52.4 | <.001 |
| Postpartum anxiety and depression at 42 days, no. (%) | 99 (32.2) | 74 (23.1) | 28.2 | .032 |
Abbreviations: NC, not calculated; SE, standard error.
a The mean scores at baseline and endline are estimated after adjusting for women’s age, primigravida, native language, education, household poverty, involvement in household decision-making, mode of birth, antenatal care for index birth, and sex of index baby.
b Subsample: denominator includes only women with 1 or more disabilities (baseline: n=107 and endline: n=68).