Table 3 |.
Determinants of early, late and nonvaccination status among older adults
| Multinomial logit regressiona | (1) Phase 1 vaccination (Jan 2021-Jul/Aug 2021) versus nonvaccination | (2) Phase 2 vaccination (Jul/Aug 2021-Jul/Aug 2022) versus nonvaccination | (3) Phase 2 versus phase 1 vaccination | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=9,890 | n=9,890 | n=9,890 | ||||
| RRR (95% CI) | P | RRR (95% CI) | P | RRR (95% CI) | P | |
| Female | 0.80 (0.67–0.95) | 0.010 | 0.82 (0.68–0.99) | 0.035 | 1.03 (0.93–1.13) | 0.605 |
| Married | 1.65 (1.35–2.01) | 0.000 | 1.38 (1.12–1.71) | 0.003 | 0.84 (0.72–0.97) | 0.020 |
| Minority ethnicity | 0.58 (0.40–0.84) | 0.004 | 1.38 (0.97–1.96) | 0.075 | 2.39 (1.92–2.97) | 0.000 |
| Urban residence | 0.59 (0.47–0.73) | 0.000 | 0.41 (0.32–0.52) | 0.000 | 0.70 (0.59–0.84) | 0.000 |
| Age group (reference: 52–59) | ||||||
| 60–69 | 0.93 (0.73–1.18) | 0.530 | 2.03 (1.54–2.69) | 0.000 | 2.20 (1.85–2.61) | 0.000 |
| 70–79 | 0.66 (0.51–0.85) | 0.001 | 2.21 (1.66–2.95) | 0.000 | 3.35 (2.78–4.03) | 0.000 |
| 80+ | 0.19 (0.14–0.26) | 0.000 | 1.63 (1.18–2.25) | 0.003 | 8.44 (6.65–10.72) | 0.000 |
| Education (reference: illiterate) | ||||||
| Primary school (literate) | 1.00 (0.82–1.23) | 0.969 | 0.99 (0.80–1.22) | 0.900 | 0.98 (0.86–1.12) | 0.792 |
| Middle, high school and higher | 1.12 (0.87–1.44) | 0.388 | 0.87 (0.66–1.14) | 0.311 | 0.78 (0.66–0.92) | 0.003 |
| Region (reference: East) | ||||||
| Central | 0.88 (0.71–1.09) | 0.231 | 0.97 (0.77–1.22) | 0.802 | 1.11 (0.95–1.29) | 0.207 |
| West | 1.38 (1.10–1.74) | 0.006 | 1.59 (1.25–2.02) | 0.000 | 1.15 (0.99–1.35) | 0.070 |
| Northeast | 1.06 (0.75–1.49) | 0.742 | 2.03 (1.41–2.92) | 0.000 | 1.91 (1.51–2.43) | 0.000 |
| Functionally dependent | 0.20 (0.17–0.24) | 0.000 | 0.48 (0.40–0.59) | 0.000 | 2.41 (2.08–2.79) | 0.000 |
| Chronic conditions | ||||||
| Hypertension | 0.78 (0.66–0.92) | 0.004 | 1.01 (0.85–1.21) | 0.874 | 1.30 (1.16–1.45) | 0.000 |
| Heart disease | 0.57 (0.47–0.70) | 0.000 | 0.65 (0.53–0.80) | 0.000 | 1.14 (0.99–1.31) | 0.064 |
| Stroke | 0.59 (0.45–0.77) | 0.000 | 0.91 (0.69–1.19) | 0.475 | 1.53 (1.25–1.87) | 0.000 |
| Diabetes | 0.74 (0.59–0.92) | 0.008 | 0.90 (0.71–1.13) | 0.372 | 1.21 (1.04–1.42) | 0.014 |
| Lung disease | 0.73 (0.58–0.92) | 0.007 | 0.73 (0.58–0.93) | 0.012 | 1.00 (0.85–1.18) | 0.982 |
| Cancer | 0.20 (0.14–0.28) | 0.000 | 0.44 (0.31–0.63) | 0.000 | 2.20 (1.60–3.03) | 0.000 |
| Dysli pidemia | 1.25 (1.02–1.52) | 0.029 | 1.12 (0.90–1.38) | 0.316 | 0.89 (0.78–1.03) | 0.111 |
| Liver disease | 0.91 (0.65–1.28) | 0.585 | 0.93 (0.65–1.33) | 0.681 | 1.02 (0.81–1.28) | 0.867 |
| Kidney disease | 0.72 (0.55–0.94) | 0.018 | 0.71 (0.53–0.95) | 0.021 | 0.99 (0.81–1.20) | 0.910 |
| Asthma | 0.90 (0.65–1.24) | 0.513 | 1.00 (0.72–1.39) | 0.997 | 1.11 (0.88–1.42) | 0.381 |
| Arthritis/rheumatism | 1.54 (1.29–1.86) | 0.000 | 1.23 (1.01–1.49) | 0.038 | 0.79 (0.71–0.89) | 0.000 |
| Digestive disease | 1.22 (1.01–1.47) | 0.042 | 1.05 (0.85–1.29) | 0.651 | 0.86 (0.76–0.97) | 0.018 |
The dependent variable has three discrete outcomes, each compared to the one used as the baseline outcome. All results are from one multinomial logit regression and each column shows the results from an outcome pair. In column 3, only the baseline outcome changed, so the RRRs are the quotients between those from columns 2 and 1. Standard errors are clustered at the household level. The phase 1 vaccination campaign ran from January 2021 to July/August 2021 and represents the early period when vaccines had not been available for more than 6 months; the phase 2 vaccination campaign ran from July/August 2021 to July/August 2022 and represents the later period. The 95% CI was calculated based on a Wald test.