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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 22.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Med. 2023 Jan 31;29(3):623–631. doi: 10.1038/s41591-023-02241-7

Table A2.

Determinants of vaccination status among older adults: a separate analysis by using individual health measures in 2018

Dependent variable in logistic regression Vaccination (at least one dose) vs. the unvaccinated Primary series recipients vs. others Booster recipients vs. others
(n/mean of dep. variable) n=12900 mean=.939 n=12900 mean=.913 n=12900 mean=.773
OR (95% CI) p value OR (95% CI) p value OR (95% CI) p value
Female 0.85 (0.72–1.00) 0.045 0.84 (0.73–0.96) 0.012 0.94 (0.87–1.03) 0.179
Married 1.52 (1.27–1.83) 0.000 1.39 (1.19–1.64) 0.000 1.20 (1.07–1.35) 0.003
Ethnic minorities 0.92 (0.65–1.30) 0.654 0.69 (0.53–0.90) 0.006 0.65 (0.55–0.79) 0.000
Urban Hukou 0.60 (0.49–0.73) 0.000 0.70 (0.59–0.84) 0.000 0.96 (0.85–1.09) 0.551
Age group (ref. 52–59)
 Age 60–69 0.99 (0.78–1.25) 0.925 0.88 (0.72–1.08) 0.228 0.85 (0.75–0.96) 0.012
 Age 70–79 0.73 (0.57–0.93) 0.012 0.61 (0.49–0.76) 0.000 0.62 (0.54–0.71) 0.000
 Age 80+ 0.30 (0.23–0.40) 0.000 0.23 (0.18–0.29) 0.000 0.24 (0.20–0.29) 0.000
Education (ref. illiterate)
 Primary school (literate) 1.09 (0.90–1.32) 0.393 0.95 (0.80–1.12) 0.545 1.04 (0.93–1.16) 0.500
 Middle and high school + 1.20 (0.95–1.53) 0.129 1.19 (0.96–1.46) 0.106 1.14 (0.99–1.30) 0.065
Region (ref. East)
 Central 1.07 (0.88–1.31) 0.467 1.28 (1.07–1.52) 0.006 1.14 (1.01–1.29) 0.034
 West 1.47 (1.19–1.81) 0.000 1.35 (1.13–1.62) 0.001 1.26 (1.11–1.43) 0.000
 Northeast 1.31 (0.95–1.82) 0.101 1.17 (0.88–1.55) 0.282 0.88 (0.72–1.07) 0.203
Functionally dependent 0.51 (0.42–0.61) 0.000 0.52 (0.44–0.61) 0.000 0.67 (0.60–0.76) 0.000
Chronic conditions
 Hypertension 0.75 (0.64–0.88) 0.001 0.73 (0.64–0.84) 0.000 0.83 (0.76–0.92) 0.000
 Heart diseases 0.79 (0.65–0.95) 0.014 0.84 (0.71–0.99) 0.041 0.94 (0.84–1.06) 0.326
 Stroke 0.71 (0.55–0.92) 0.009 0.72 (0.57–0.90) 0.005 0.77 (0.65–0.92) 0.003
 Diabetes 0.84 (0.67–1.05) 0.135 0.76 (0.63–0.92) 0.006 0.84 (0.73–0.96) 0.013
 Lung diseases 0.76 (0.61–0.94) 0.013 0.83 (0.69–1.01) 0.058 0.98 (0.85–1.12) 0.750
 Cancer 0.29 (0.20–0.43) 0.000 0.36 (0.25–0.51) 0.000 0.51 (0.38–0.67) 0.000
 Dyslipidaemia 1.02 (0.84–1.23) 0.866 1.11 (0.94–1.31) 0.229 1.07 (0.95–1.21) 0.256
 Liver diseases 1.34 (0.95–1.90) 0.097 1.24 (0.93–1.67) 0.142 1.07 (0.89–1.28) 0.466
 Kidney diseases 0.92 (0.71–1.21) 0.565 1.02 (0.80–1.29) 0.886 1.20 (1.01–1.42) 0.035
 Asthma 0.82 (0.60–1.12) 0.220 0.84 (0.64–1.10) 0.201 0.78 (0.64–0.96) 0.017
 Arthritis/rheumatism 1.49 (1.25–1.77) 0.000 1.40 (1.21–1.62) 0.000 1.16 (1.05–1.28) 0.003
 Digestive disease 1.09 (0.92–1.30) 0.326 1.11 (0.96–1.29) 0.165 1.17 (1.05–1.29) 0.003
Constant 19.76 (13.91–28.07) 0.000 16.23 (11.98–21.98) 0.000 4.34 (3.53–5.32) 0.000

Note: Health measures, including functional dependency and chronic disease incidence, were from the 2018 wave. Other specifications are same as in Table 2. Standard errors are clustered at the household level. OR stands for odds ratio.