Table A5.
Determinants of early, late and non-vaccination: a separate analysis by using individual health measures in 2018
| Multinomial logit regression Dep. variable with three outcomes (one used as the base outcome) |
Phase 1 vaccination from Jan 2021 to summer 2021 vs. unvaccinated | Phase 2 vaccination from summer 2021 to summer 2022 vs. unvaccinated | Phase 2 vaccination vs. phase 1 vaccination | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | ||||
| n=9890 | n=9890 | n=9890 | ||||
| RRR (95% CI) | p value | RRR (95% CI) | p value | RRR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Female | 195.00 (0.70–1.00) | 66.000 | 0.85 (0.70–1.02) | 0.081 | 1.01 (0.90–1.13) | 0.850 |
| Married | 28.00 (1.38–2.01) | 10.000 | 1.39 (1.13–1.70) | 0.001 | 0.83 (0.73–0.95) | 0.008 |
| Ethnic minorities | 6.00 (0.44–0.84) | 2.000 | 1.42 (1.02–1.98) | 0.037 | 2.35 (1.95–2.84) | 0.000 |
| Urban Hukou | 184.00 (0.46–0.68) | 57.000 | 0.39 (0.31–0.49) | 0.000 | 0.70 (0.60–0.83) | 0.000 |
| Age group (ref. 52–59) | ||||||
| Age 60–69 | 44.00 (0.74–1.18) | 9.000 | 2.07 (1.58–2.72) | 0.000 | 2.22 (1.88–2.61) | 0.000 |
| Age 70–79 | 114.00 (0.49–0.80) | 28.000 | 2.21 (1.67–2.91) | 0.000 | 3.51 (2.96–4.15) | 0.000 |
| Age 80+ | 340.00 (0.13–0.22) | 34.000 | 1.54 (1.14–2.09) | 0.005 | 9.07 (7.34–11.21) | 0.000 |
| Education (ref. illiterate) | ||||||
| Primary school (literate) | 0.06 (0.88–1.30) | 0.077 | 1.03 (0.84–1.27) | 0.767 | 0.97 (0.85–1.10) | 0.611 |
| Middle and high school + | 0.01 (0.92–1.49) | 0.012 | 0.90 (0.69–1.17) | 0.422 | 0.77 (0.65–0.90) | 0.001 |
| Region (ref. East) | ||||||
| Central | 0.05 (0.73–1.07) | 0.067 | 0.98 (0.79–1.20) | 0.823 | 1.10 (0.96–1.26) | 0.159 |
| West | 0.30 (1.11–1.69) | 0.185 | 1.58 (1.26–1.98) | 0.000 | 1.15 (1.01–1.32) | 0.037 |
| Northeast | 0.01 (0.77–1.47) | 0.011 | 2.02 (1.43–2.84) | 0.000 | 1.90 (1.55–2.31) | 0.000 |
| Functionally dependent | 0.03 (0.34–0.50) | 0.033 | 0.64 (0.52–0.78) | 0.000 | 1.55 (1.35–1.78) | 0.000 |
| Chronic conditions | ||||||
| Hypertension | 0.08 (0.60–0.85) | 0.064 | 0.92 (0.76–1.10) | 0.347 | 1.28 (1.14–1.44) | 0.000 |
| Heart diseases | 0.74 (0.61–0.90) | 0.002 | 0.78 (0.63–0.97) | 0.022 | 1.06 (0.92–1.22) | 0.436 |
| Stroke | 0.60 (0.46–0.79) | 0.000 | 0.85 (0.64–1.13) | 0.256 | 1.41 (1.15–1.72) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 0.79 (0.63–0.99) | 0.043 | 0.97 (0.76–1.24) | 0.815 | 1.23 (1.05–1.45) | 0.012 |
| Lung diseases | 0.75 (0.60–0.95) | 0.017 | 0.81 (0.63–1.04) | 0.104 | 1.08 (0.92–1.27) | 0.353 |
| Cancer | 0.29 (0.20–0.43) | 0.000 | 0.39 (0.25–0.62) | 0.000 | 1.35 (0.92–1.99) | 0.129 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 1.01 (0.82–1.23) | 0.937 | 0.94 (0.75–1.17) | 0.588 | 0.93 (0.81–1.08) | 0.343 |
| Liver diseases | 1.29 (0.91–1.83) | 0.153 | 1.43 (0.98–2.07) | 0.062 | 1.11 (0.89–1.37) | 0.363 |
| Kidney diseases | 0.96 (0.73–1.26) | 0.747 | 0.81 (0.60–1.10) | 0.174 | 0.85 (0.70–1.03) | 0.105 |
| Asthma | 0.77 (0.55–1.08) | 0.135 | 0.83 (0.58–1.19) | 0.308 | 1.07 (0.84–1.37) | 0.584 |
| Arthritis/rheumatism | 1.59 (1.33–1.90) | 0.000 | 1.27 (1.05–1.53) | 0.014 | 0.80 (0.71–0.90) | 0.000 |
| Digestive disease | 1.12 (0.93–1.35) | 0.215 | 1.00 (0.82–1.21) | 0.965 | 0.89 (0.78–1.00) | 0.052 |
| Constant | 14.57 (10.21–20.80) | 0.000 | 1.67 (1.12–2.48) | 0.011 | 0.11 (0.09–0.15) | 0.000 |
Note: Health measures, including functional dependency and chronic disease incidence, were from the 2018 wave. Standard errors are clustered at the household level. RRR stands for relative risk ratio. Phase 1 is from January 2021 to July 2021, the early period when the vaccination had not been available for more than 6 months; Phase 2, from September 2021 to July 2022, is the later period. Main column (3) only changed the base outcome, so the RRRs were quotients between those from column (2) and column (1). Summer is the survey season of CHARLS, mostly spanning from July to August.