TABLE 1.
Demographics of individuals with LBP in the OAI dataset
| LBP clusters | Control | Low back pain type | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (N = 94) | 2 (N = 81) | 3 (N = 40) | All Clusters (N = 215) | No LBP | Acute (N = 40) | Chronic (N = 66) | All (N = 106) | ||
| (N = 4581) | |||||||||
| Age (years) | 61.6 (9.7) | 60.3 (9.2) | 56.8 (8.2) | 60.2 (9.3) | 61.2 (10.3) | 59.5 (9.4) | 59.2 (8.5) | 59.3 (6.6) | |
| Sex | Female | 48 (51.1%) | 52 (64.2%) | 26 (65%) | 126 (58.6%) | 2678 (58.5%) | 21 (52.5%) | 37 (56.1%) | 58 (54.7%) |
| Male | 46 (48.9%) | 29 (35.8%) | 14 (35%) | 89 (41.4%) | 1903 (41.5%) | 19 (47.5%) | 29 (43.9%) | 48 (45.3%) | |
| Race | Other Non‐White | 1 (1.1%) | 1 (1.2%) | 1 (2.5%) | 3 (1.4%) | 79 (1.7%) | 1 (2.5%) | 2 (3.0%) | 3 (2.8%) |
| White or Caucasian | 81 (86.2%) | 44 (54.3%) | 15 (37.5%) | 140 (65.1%) | 3650 (79.7%) | 30 (75%) | 41 (62.2%) | 71 (67.0%) | |
| Black or African American | 10 (10.6%) | 35 (43.3%) | 24 (60%) | 69 (32.1%) | 805 (17.6%) | 8 (20%) | 22 (33.3%) | 30 (28.3%) | |
| Asian | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.5%) | 44 (1.0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| No response | 1 (1%) | 1 (1.2%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (0.9%) | 3 (0%) | 1 (2.5%) | 1 (1.5%) | 2 (1.9%) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.4 (4.9) | 31.5 (5.1) | 33.2 (4.2) | 30.8 (5.2) | 28.5 (5.2) | 28.5 (3.6) | 31.6 (5.6) | 30.4 (5.0) | |
| Education | Less than high school graduate | 0 (0%) | 7 (8.7%) | 10 (25%) | 17 (7.9%) | 151 (3.3%) | 1 (2.5%) | 4 (6.0%) | 5 (4.7%) |
| High school graduate | 11 (11.7%) | 11 (13.6%) | 9 (22.5%) | 31 (14.4%) | 576 (12.6%) | 6 (15%) | 8 (12.1%) | 14 (13.2%) | |
| Some college | 23 (24.5%) | 35 (43.2%) | 15 (37.5%) | 73 (34.0%) | 1073 (23.4%) | 8 (20%) | 25 (37.9%) | 33 (31.1%) | |
| College graduate | 19 (20.2%) | 12 (14.8%) | 5 (12.5%) | 36 (16.7%) | 965 (21.1%) | 11 (27.5%) | 8 (12.1%) | 19 (18.0%) | |
| Some graduate school | 5 (5.3%) | 6 (7.4%) | 0 (0%) | 11 (5.1%) | 386 (8.4%) | 2 (5%) | 5 (7.6%) | 7 (6.6%) | |
| Graduate degree | 36 (38.3%) | 10 (12.3%) | 0 (0%) | 46 (21.4%) | 1390 (30.3%) | 12 (30%) | 16 (24.3%) | 28 (26.4%) | |
| No response | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 40 (0.9%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Income | <$10 K | 4 (4.3%) | 4 (4.9%) | 14 (35%) | 22 (10.2%) | 138 (3.0%) | 1 (2.5%) | 9 (13.6%) | 10 (9.4%) |
| $10 K to <$25 K | 4 (4.3%) | 16 (19.8%) | 11 (27.5%) | 31 (14.4%) | 423 (9.2%) | 2 (5%) | 13 (19.7%) | 15 (14.2%) | |
| $25 K to $50 K | 29 (30.9%) | 36 (44.4%) | 7 (17.5%) | 72 (33.5%) | 1063 (23.2%) | 15 (37.5%) | 16 (24.2%) | 31 (29.2%) | |
| $50 K to <$100 K | 32 (34.0%) | 12 (14.8%) | 1 (2.5%) | 45 (20.9%) | 1565 (34.2%) | 13 (32.5%) | 14 (21.2%) | 27 (25.5%) | |
| >$100 K | 13 (13.8%) | 7 (8.7%) | 1 (2.5%) | 21 (9.8%) | 1054 (23.0%) | 5 (12.5%) | 9 (13.6%) | 14 (13.2%) | |
| No response | 12 (12.7%) | 6 (7.4%) | 6 (15%) | 24 (11.2%) | 338 (7.4%) | 4 (10%) | 5 (7.7%) | 9 (8.5%) | |
| Employment | Not working other reasons | 26 (27.7%) | 18 (22.2%) | 5 (12.5%) | 49 (22.8%) | 1481 (32.3%) | 8 (20%) | 10 (15.2%) | 18 (17.0%) |
| Not working in part due to health | 12 (12.8%) | 22 (27.2%) | 24 (60%) | 58 (27.0%) | 187 (4.1%) | 3 (7.5%) | 26 (39.4%) | 29 (27.4%) | |
| Unpaid work for family business | 2 (2.0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (0.9%) | 52 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Works for pay | 53 (56.4%) | 41 (50.6%) | 11 (27.5%) | 105 (48.8%) | 2838 (62.0%) | 29 (72.5%) | 30 (45.4%) | 59 (55.6%) | |
| No response | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.5%) | 23 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Symptomatic knee OA | No | 52 (55.3%) | 48 (59.3%) | 15 (37.5%) | 115 (53.5%) | 3289 (71.8%) | 27 (67.5%) | 34 (51.5%) | 61 (57.5%) |
| Yes | 42 (44.7%) | 33 (40.7%) | 25 (62.5%) | 100 (46.5%) | 1291 (28.2%) | 13 (32.5%) | 32 (48.5%) | 45 (42.5%) | |
| Radiographic knee OA | No | 38 (40.4%) | 42 (51.9%) | 15 (37.5%) | 95 (44.2%) | 2021 (44.1%) | 21 (52.5%) | 28 (42.4%) | 49 (46.2%) |
| Yes | 56 (59.6%) | 39 (48.2%) | 25 (62.5%) | 120 (55.8%) | 2559 (55.9%) | 19 (47.5%) | 38 (57.5%) | 57 (53.8%) | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; LBP, low back pain; OAI, osteoarthritis initiative.