Table 5. Different Sensors for 4-NP Detection.

sr. no.	sensor system	linearity range	detection limit	refs
1	carbon dots (CDs)	0.1–50 μM	0.028 μM	(69)
2	B,N-CDs	0.5–200 μM	0.20 μM	(70)
3	β-CDs@ZnO QDs	1.0–40 μM	0.34 μM	(71)
4	CdTe QDs	1.0–30 μM	40 nM	(26)
5	CDs	0.001–1 μM	60 nM	(60)
6	CQDs	0–90 nM	14 nM	current work