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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: Brain Lang. 2023 Apr 21;240:105264. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105264

Figure 2. — Experiment 1 design and results. (A) Participants completed a 4-AFC training task that involved simultaneous talker and phonetic identification, followed by a test phase where participants were queried on which phonetic variant was typical of a talker. (B) Performance on the training task, separately considering whether listeners were accurate in identifying who was talking (“Talker Decision”) and which word they said (“Phonetic Decision”). Accuracy values are shown on the y-axis. Each row shows performance on a different block. In plots on the left, the female talker produced voiceless stop consonants with a short VOT, and in plots on the right, she produced these consonants with a long VOT. Dots represent individual subject data. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean. (C) Results from the test phase of Experiment 1, showing the probability that a listener selected the long-VOT variant (y-axis) as a function of the talker (x-axis) and whether the talker produced voiceless stops with long (blue bars) or short (orange bars) VOTs during training. Dots represent individual subject data. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean.

Figure 2. — Experiment 1 design and results. (A) Participants completed a 4-AFC training task that involved simultaneous talker and phonetic identification, followed by a test phase where participants were queried on which phonetic variant was typical of a talker. (B) Performance on the training task, separately considering whether listeners were accurate in identifying who was talking (“Talker Decision”) and which word they said (“Phonetic Decision”). Accuracy values are shown on the y-axis. Each row shows performance on a different block. In plots on the left, the female talker produced voiceless stop consonants with a short VOT, and in plots on the right, she produced these consonants with a long VOT. Dots represent individual subject data. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean. (C) Results from the test phase of Experiment 1, showing the probability that a listener selected the long-VOT variant (y-axis) as a function of the talker (x-axis) and whether the talker produced voiceless stops with long (blue bars) or short (orange bars) VOTs during training. Dots represent individual subject data. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean.