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. 2023 Jun 8;8(24):21377–21390. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00596

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© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

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Timeline of digitalization showing invention of transistors in 1947, commercialization of mobile phones in 1979, founding worldwide web in 1989, the advent of 3rd generation mobiles with digital texting and sign feature in 2001, Facebook and Apple iPhone launch in 2006 and 2007, respectively, India launches the cheapest smartphone in 2016, and spread of digitalization in 2020 due to pandemic led virtual collaborative era. The latest revolution ChatGPT plays a crucial role in digitalization by providing human-like language capabilities to machines, enabling them to understand and communicate with users in natural language, thus facilitating the automation of various tasks and interactions.