Figure 3.

Digitalization toward smoking toxicology. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and e-liquids produce carcinogenic aerosols by heating a certain liquid that contains nicotine, are used as an alternative to regular cigarettes, which can be self-monitored via adds-on devices with mobile apps, which can provide deeper insight into ill-effect via communicating computational databases (1). The heated nicotine products cause Vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI) or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) and may destroy beneficial microflora causing opportunistic infection (2). Digital toxicology further enables laboratory diagnosis and radiological interventions in clinics upon confirmation of toxicological symptoms (3). Created with BioRender.com.