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. 2023 Jun 21;23:1205. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16152-2

Table 2.

Sex-based differences in participant characteristics and distribution of EHS, MCS, and depression

Variables Total
n = 1095 (100%)
Male
n = 323 (29.5%)
Female
n = 772 (70.5%)
P
MCS a

Q1 Chemical intolerance

Q2 Other intolerance

Q3 Symptom severity

Q4 Masking index

Q5 Life impact

23.88 (21.69)

9.58 (9.79)

14.08(13.39)

3.97 (1.65)

6.45 (11.79)

18.86 (18.78)

7.39 (8.52)

12.06 (11.81)

3.61 (1.63)

5.63 (12.24)

25.98 (22.48)

10.50 (10.14)

14.93 (13.92)

4.13 (1.63)

6.79 (11.58)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

EHS b

Total EHS symptom score

Total EMF-producing objects score

q67 Sensitive to EMFs

q68 Detailed description

33.64 (25.53)

3.24 (5.15)

0.28 (0.67)

0.12 (0.33)

29.34 (22.92)

2.77 (4.99)

0.20 (0.59)

0.07 (0.26)

35.44 (26.35)

3.44 (5.18)

0.32 (0.70)

0.14 (0.35)

0.02

0.01

< 0.001

0.01

Depression 15.81 (5.04) 15.78 (5.21) 15.85 (4.97) 0.95
MCS Case c

-

+

1030 (94.1%)

65 (5.9%)

310 (96.0%)

13 (4.0%)

720 (93.3%)

52 (6.7%)

0.08
EHS Case c

-

+

1037 (94.7%)

58 (5.3%)

312 (96.6%)

11 (3.4%)

725 (93.9%)

47 (6.1%)

0.07
MCS+EHS Casec

-

+

1079 (98.5%)

16 (1.5%)

323 (100.0%)

0 (0.0%)

756 (97.9%)

16 (2.1%)

< 0.01

a: N (Mean ± SD); b. Mean (SD); c: N (%)

MCS, multiple chemical sensitivity; EHS, electromagnetic hypersensitivity; EMF, electromagnetic field