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. 2023 Jun 22;21:189. doi: 10.1186/s12957-023-03061-2

Table 2.

Perioperative outcomes of 615 patients treated with open (n=481) or robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (n=134) for renal cell carcinoma at a tertiary care center from 01/2003 to 01/2021; All values are medians (IQR) or frequencies (%)

N Overall N  = 615 OPN N  = 481 (78%) RAPN N  = 134 (22%) P value

Length of stay [days]

Median (IQR)

615 7 (6, 9) 7 (6, 10) 6 (5, 6)  < 0.001

Operation time [min]

Median (IQR)

610 187 (147, 230) 186 (147, 230) 188 (144, 228) 0.7

Blood loss [ml]

Median (IQR)

321 400 (200, 800) 400 (200, 800) 350 (200, 625) 0.15

pT-stage

n (%)

591 0.020
 pT1a 393 (66%) 295 (63%) 98 (80%)
 pT1b 143 (24%) 123 (26%) 20 (16%)
 pT2a 17 (2.9%) 15 (3.2%) 2 (1.6%)
 pT2b 5 (0.8%) 5 (1.1%) 0 (0%)
  ≥ pT3 33 (5.6%) 30 (6.4%) 3 (2.4%)

Surgical margin

n (%)

588 0.3
 R0 557 (95%) 444 (95%) 113 (93%)
 R1 17 (2.9%) 11 (2.4%) 6 (4.9%)
 Rx 14 (2.4%) 11 (2.4%) 3 (2.5%)

Surgeon’s volume

Median (IQR)

615 43 (13, 77) 35 (11, 70) 65 (40, 98)  < 0.001

Surgeon’s volume grouped

n (%)

615  < 0.001
 Low 201 (33%) 191 (40%) 10 (7.5%)
 Intermediate 90 (15%) 64 (13%) 26 (19%)
 High 324 (53%) 226 (47%) 98 (73%)

Intraoperative ischemia

n (%)

615 0.2
 Yes 379 (62%) 290 (60%) 89 (66%)
 No 236 (38%) 191 (40%) 45 (34%)

Ischemia duration [min]

Median (IQR)

375 16.0 (13.0, 20.0) 16.0 (13.0, 20.0) 15.0 (12.0, 19.0) 0.2

Transfusion intraoperative

n (%)

613 23 (3.8%) 23 (4.8%) 0 (0%) 0.010

Transfusion postoperative

n (%)

608 50 (8.2%) 44 (9.3%) 6 (4.5%) 0.078

Transfusion total

n (%)

608 73 (12%) 67 (14%) 6 (4.5%) 0.003

Intraoperative complication

n (%)

615 138 (22%) 130 (27%) 8 (6.0%) 0.010

Conversion to OPN,

n (%)

615 - 13 (9.7%) -

Conversion to nephrectomy

n (%)

615 55 (8.9%) 50 (10%) 5 (3.7%) 0.017

Trifecta achievement

n (%)

615 348 (57%) 261 (54%) 87 (65%) 0.028

Clavien-Dindo 30-days complication

n (%)

615 0.009
 0 389 (63.3%) 288 (60%) 101 (75.4%)
 1–2 170 (27.6%) 141 (29.3%) 29 (21.7%)
  > 2 56 (9.1%) 52 (10.7%) 4 (2.9%)

Abbreviations: IQR Interquartile range