Table 1.

Counterstrategies of advocates

Countering strategy	No of papersa	Papers mentioning example(s) of countering strategy
Exposing industry conduct and false claims	22	[26, 28, 32, 61–63, 65, 67–81]
Accessing decision-makers	10	[26, 62, 63, 65, 66, 68–70, 79, 80]
Generating and using evidence	10	[28, 32, 65, 66, 68, 74, 79, 81–83]
Filing a complaint and taking legal action	8	[27, 63, 64, 66, 76, 81, 84, 85]
Mobilising coalition and potential supporters	8	[61–63, 65, 68, 70, 74, 78]
Additional: Venue-shifting	1	[61–63, 65, 68, 70, 74, 78, 86]

^aThe total number is higher than the number of included papers because several papers mention more than one counterstrategy