Table 3.
Mean differences from estimated marginal means of final multilevel models examining positive affect and pain within sessions.
| Variable | MD | 95% CI | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| PAS | |||
| Time (pre- to post-session) | 8.38 | [7.10, 9.65] | <0.001 |
| Intervention condition | 5.77 | [2.75, 8.78] | <0.001 |
| Time × Intervention condition | 2.79 | [0.65, 4.94] | 0.011 |
| Pharmacotherapy | −1.51 | [−4.86, 1.84] | 0.373 |
| Time × Pharmacotherapy | 1.10 | [−1.26, 3.46] | 0.359 |
| Week of session | −0.26 | [−0.82, 0.31] | 0.370 |
| Time × Week of session | 0.42 | [−0.27, 1.11] | 0.232 |
| NPRS | |||
| Time (pre- to post-session) | 0.23 | [0.02, 0.45] | 0.036 |
| Intervention condition | 0.05 | [−0.89, 1.00] | 0.913 |
| Time × Intervention condition | −0.71 | [−1.09, −0.34] | <0.001 |
| Pharmacotherapy | −0.90 | [−1.95, 0.15] | 0.092 |
| Time × Pharmacotherapy | −0.10 | [−0.52, 0.31] | 0.622 |
| Week of session | −0.03 | [−0.14, 0.07] | 0.535 |
| Time × Week of session | 0.10 | [−0.03, 0.22] | 0.124 |
MD, mean difference; NPRS, numerical pain rating scale; PAS, positive affect schedule. Significant values are bolded. For intervention condition, Surf Therapy is the comparator group; for Pharmacotherapy, those who reported psychiatric pharmacotherapy use were the comparator group.