Table 3.
Therapies evaluated by PET and/or autoradiography with the 6-OHDA PD model in the last 5 years.
| Species Age | Model Inductions Protocol | PET Timepoints | PET Tracer | Therapeutic Intervention |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male Hannover-Wistar rats 3 months old [23] | 2 x 3 μg / 0.5 μl Striatum (unilateral) |
Baseline, days 10 and 30 | [11C]PBR28 and [18F]FDOPA | Motorized running wheel for three days per week - 4 weeks - 10 m/min for 40 minutes - started 2 days after PD induction. |
| Male Hannover-Wistar rats 2 months old [22] | 2 x 9 μg / 1.5 μl Striatum (unilateral) |
Day 49 | [3H]UCB-J, [3H]raclopride, [3H]DAMGO and [3H]PK11195 | Treadmill exercise for three days per week - 5 weeks - 10 m/min for 40 minutes - started 15 days after PD induction. |
| Male Long-Evans rats 3 months old [128] |
21 μg / 3 μl MFB (unilateral) |
Day 13-24 (glucose metabolism) and Day 26-29 (dopaminergic system) |
[18F]FDG (OFF and ON) and [18F]FDOPA (OFF) | STN-DBS - 55 min of ON condition - monophasic rectangular 60 µs pulses at 130 Hz. The amplitude was initially set to 30 µA and then slowly increased to 50 µA in 5 µA steps. |
| FemaleWistar rats 8 weeks old [129] |
24 μg / 4 μl SN (unilateral) |
Baseline and day 16 | [18F]FPEB | Levodopa-induced dyskinesia - levodopa therapy for 15 days (21 days after PD induction) - 6 mg/kg, i.p., levodopa methyl ester combined with a peripheral DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor, benserazide (12 mg/kg, i.p., benserazide HCl, Sigma) twice daily for 2 weeks. |
| Male Sprague Dawley rats 442 ± 52 g [130] | 12 μg / 2 μl MFB (unilateral) |
Baseline and day 22 | [11C]DASB | Levodopa-induced dyskinesia - levodopa therapy for 21 days (28 days after PD induction) - once daily with 12 mg/kg levodopa and 15 mg/kg benserazide hydrochloride. |
| Female Wistar rats 8 weeks old [131] |
24 μg / 4 μl SN (unilateral) |
Days 21-22 | [11C]preladenant and [11C]raclopride | Levodopa-induced dyskinesia - levodopa therapy for 21 days (21 days after PD induction); Levodopa (6 mg/kg) and benserazide-HCl (6 mg/kg) were given twice a day for 15 days. |
| Male Sprague Dawley rats 8 weeks old [132] | 20 μg / 4 μl MFB (unilateral) |
Days 1, 15 and 29 (DAT), and day 22 (SERT) | [18F]FE-PE2I and 4-[18F]ADAM |
Dextromethorphan (20 mg/kg) - intraperitoneally twice daily from 7 days before 6-OHDA injection to 28 days after the appearance of a lesion. |
| Male Wistar rats 285-305 g [133] |
24 μg / 4 μl MFB (unilateral) |
3 and 6 months after treatment |
[18F]fallypride | Botulinum neurotoxin A - Intrastriatal injection of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) five to six weeks later PD induction. |
| Male Sprague-Dawley rats 56 days of age [134] | 4x 8 μg / 2 μl Striatum (unilateral) |
After treatment and | [18F]DPA-174, [18F]FP-CIT and [18F]FPEB | PLX3397, a CSF-1R inhibitor, rapidly inhibits microglial proliferation - daily at 30 mg/kg by oral gavage - from 7 days to 28 days after PD induction. |
| Female adult Sprague-Dawley rats 8 weeks old [135] |
N/A MFB (unilateral) |
6 weeks after cell transplantation (10 weeks after PD induction) | [18F]FP-CIT | Brain injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from human placenta MSCs (hpMSCs) or hpMSC-derived neural phenotype cells (hpNPCs) (2×1.5×105/rat). |
| Male Sprague-Dawley rats 8 weeks old [136] | 20 μg / 4 μl MFB (unilateral) |
Baseline, 2 weeks after PD induction, and 4 weeks after cell transplantation | [18F]FDOPA and [18F]FE-PE2I | Intrastriatal transplant of fetal ventral mesencephalic (VM) tissue from rats or pigs (rVM or pVM), with/without a co-graft of Sertoli cells (Cs) (rVM+SCs or pVM+SCs) – 2 weeks after PD induction. |
| Female NIH nude rats Young [137] |
20 μg / 4 μl MFB (unilateral) |
Baseline (4 weeks after PD induction), 1month, 3months and 6months post-transplantation |
[18F]FBCTT, [18F]fallypride and [18F]FLT | Transplantation of human embryonic stem cell-derived midbrain dopaminergic neurons (hESC-mDAs) - 4×105 cells in 4μl - 1 month after PD induction. |
| Male Sprague-Dawley rats 8 weeks old [138] | 20 μg / 4 μl MFB (unilateral) |
Baseline (2 weeks after PD induction) and 4 weeks post-transplantation | 4-[18F]ADAM | Embryonic day 27 (E27) porcine mesencephalic tissue (~2.5 × 105 cells) - intrastriatal transplantation. |
| Male Sprague-Dawley rats 8 weeks old [139] | 20 μg / 4 μl MFB (unilateral) |
Baseline (3 weeks after PD induction) and 8-9 weeks post-transplantation | 4-[18F]ADAM | Kainic acid bridging and co-graft of rat olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) and rat E14 embryonic ventral mesencephalic (VM) tissue transplantation into the ipsilateral brain 3 weeks after PD induction. |