TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Study | Participants | Groups | Age (years) | Quercetin content (mg/day) | Supplementation period | Exercise protocol to induce muscle damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nieman et al. [38] | Trained male cyclists | 20 (Q) 20 (PLA) |
26.1 ± 1.8 29.1 ± 2.4 |
1000 mg/day | 24 days (exercise on days 22, 23 and 24) | 3 h cycling bout at ~57% maximal work rate |
|
| ||||||
| McAnulty et al. [39] | Trained male cyclist | 20 (Q) 20 (PLA) |
26.1 ± 1.8 29.1 ± 2.4 |
1000 mg/day | 24 days (exercise on days 22, 23 and 24) | 3 h cycling bout at ~57% maximal work rate |
|
| ||||||
| Abbey & Rankin [40] | Healthy male team-sport-trained athletes | 15 (Q) 15 (PLA) |
23.3 ± 2.6 COD |
1000 mg/day | 7 days (exercise on day 8) | Repeated sprint test at maximum effort (12 × 30 m) |
|
| ||||||
| O’Fallon et al. [41] | Sedentary to recreationally active healthy males and females | 8 MEN (Q) 7 WOM (Q) 7 MEN (PLA) 8 WOM (PLA) |
19.5 ± 1.1 19.6 ± 1.3 20.9 ± 1.8 20.6 ± 1.1 |
1000 mg/day | 14 days (exercise on day 9) | 24 maximal eccentric contractions of EF |
|
| ||||||
| Sholten & Sergeev [42] | Male runners from a local club and collegiate cross country teams | 5 (Q) 3 (PLA) |
24.0 ± 5.4 22.5 ± 3.0 |
1000 mg/day | Six weeks (exercise on days 43–44) | 10 km time trial treadmill run |
|
| ||||||
| Demirci [43] | Healthy licensed male boxers | 10 (Q) 10 (PLA) |
18.90 ± 1.10 19.00 ± 1.05 |
500 mg/day | 30 days (exercise on day 31) | 2 hours of normal boxing training the last supplementation day |
|
| ||||||
| Duranti et al. [44] | Healthy young men | 14 (Q) 14 (PLA) |
25.5 ± 0.8 COD |
1000 mg/day | 14 days (exercise on day 15) | 6 to 10 sets of 10 maximal lengthening contractions of the EF |
|
| ||||||
| Gholami & Ardestani [45] | Moderately trained female adolescent swimmers | 10 (Q) 10 (PLA) |
15.30 ± 0.17 14.90 ± 0.12 |
1000 mg/day | 14 days (exercise on day 15) | One minute bouts of crawl swimming (> 85% of maximum HR, 30 s-rest), until exhaustion |
|
| ||||||
| Patrizio et al. [46] | Healthy sedentary to recreationally men | 10 (Q) 10 (PLA) |
22.1 ± 1.8 COD |
1000 mg/day | One single dose 3 h before exercise | 3 sets of 8 repetitions at 80% 1RM of eight different exercises |
|
| ||||||
| Bazzucchi et al. [47] | Moderately active men | 12 (Q) 12 (PLA) |
26.1 ± 3.1 COD |
1000 mg/day | 14 days (exercise on day 15) | 10 bouts (30 s-rest) of 10 maximal eccentric contractions of the EF. |
|
| ||||||
| Bazzucchi et al. [48] | Healthy low to moderately active men | 16 (Q) 16 (PLA) |
25.9 ± 3.3 COD |
1000 mg/day | 14 days (exercise on day 15) | 10 bouts (30 s-rest) of 10 maximal eccentric contractions of the EF. |
|
| ||||||
| Sgrò et al. [49] | Healthy moderately active men | 12 (Q) 12 (PLA) |
25.67 ± 3.87 COD |
1000 mg/day | 14 days (exercise on day 15) | 10 bouts (30 s-rest) of 10 maximal eccentric contractions of the EF. |
|
| ||||||
| Tsao et al. [50] | Healthy physically active men | 12 (Q) 12 (PLA) |
20.79 ± 0.53 COD |
1000 mg/day | 7 days (exercise on day 8) | Cycling test to exhaustion at 75% of VO2max |
Q: quercetin group; PLA: placebo group; COD: cross-over design; EF: elbow flexors; HR: heart rate; RM: repetition maximum.